A–E, representative Western blots for phosphorylated IRS-1 (Tyr-608) (A) and total IRS-1 (B), phosphorylated Akt Thr-308 (C), phosphorylated Akt Ser-473 (D) and total Akt (E) in homogenates of pooled placentas from control and fADN infused mice. F, bar graph summarizing the Western blot data from control (C, n= 9) and fADN (A, n= 7) mice. After normalization to β-actin, the mean density of control samples was assigned an arbitrary value of 1. Individual C and A density values were expressed relative to this mean. Values are given as means + SEM. *P < 0.05 versus control; Student's unpaired t test.