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. 2005 Jun 1;5(8):1–91.

Table 1: Quality of Evidence.

Study Design Level of
Evidence
Number of Eligible
Studies
Systematic review(s) of large RCTs* 1a 2
Large RCT 1b 4
Large RCT unpublished but reported to an international scientific meeting 1(g) 1
Small RCT 2 4
Small RCT unpublished but reported to an international scientific meeting 2(g) 0
Non-RCT with contemporaneous controls 3a 1
Non-RCT with historical controls 3b 0
Non-RCT presented at international conference 3(g) 0
Surveillance (database or register) 4a n/a
Case series (multisite) 4b n/a
Case series (single site) 4c n/a
Retrospective review, modeling 4d n/a
Case series presented at international conference 4(g) n/a
*

RCT refers to randomized controlled trial. A large RCT is defined as one that has adequate power to detect differences in the primary outcome.

g indicates gray literature.