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. 2012 May 30;109(25):9710-9715. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1117990109

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Ferroelectric polarization switching. Typical out-of-plane PFM images of as-grown LSMO/BFO heterostructures with La0.7Sr0.3O-MnO2-BiO-FeO2 (A) and MnO2-La0.7Sr0.3O-FeO2-BiO (B) interfaces, and corresponding typical quasistatic piezoresponse (Top, red) and capacitance-voltage (Bottom, green) hysteresis loops (C and D). The samples used in the study are 150 nm BFO thin films with 5 nm LSMO bottom electrodes. The top electrodes used are 100 nm Au with 30 microns square. The consistent shift of the loops indicates the presence of a biased-voltage due to the electrical mismatch between the bottom (conducting layer) and top (Au) electrodes. (E and F) Histogram analysis of the obtained coercive voltages (red and blue) and biased-voltages (green) from the piezoresponse measurements present in C and D. The solid lines show best Gaussian fits for the data.