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Changes in vitamin D status (bars, left axis) and mean vitamin D level (line, right axis) throughout the year. Vitamin D insufficiency+ deficiency was 76% in spring (March to May), 67% in winter (December to February), 33% in summer (June to August), and 22% in autumn (September to November) (P<0.001). The mean level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was significantly lower in spring/winter than in summer/autumn (24±20 vs. 47±26 ng/mL, P<0.001).
