Table 3. Clinical trials* on hematopoietins in cancer therapy (main trends).
| Hematopoietin | Agent | Tumor type | Trials* | Phase | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-2 |
ALT801 |
Metastatic urothelial cancer |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with cisplatin and gemcitabine |
NCT01326871 |
| CD40L/IL-2-expressing tumor cell vaccine |
B-CLL |
1 |
I |
As single agent |
NCT00609076 |
|
| DI-Leu16-IL2 immunocytokine |
Hematological neoplasms |
1 |
I |
Combined with rituximab |
NCT00720135 |
|
| F16IL2 immunocytokine |
Breast cancer |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with paclitaxel |
NCT01134250 |
|
| Breast cancer Solid tumors |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with doxorubicin |
NCT01131364 |
||
| hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine |
NB |
1 |
II |
Combined with GM-CSF and isotretinoin |
NCT01334515 |
|
| rhIL-2 |
AML |
1 |
II |
Combined with famotine |
NCT01289678 |
|
| Breast cancer |
1 |
II |
Combined anastrozol, aromasin, femar, pulsed DCs and thymosin 1α |
NCT00935558 |
||
| MDS |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with azacitidine and ceplene |
NCT01324960 |
||
| Melanoma |
1 |
II |
Combined with anticancer vaccine |
NCT00784524 |
||
| Metastatic breast cancer |
1 |
II |
NCT00784524 |
|||
| NB |
1 |
I |
Combined with zoledronic acid |
NCT01404702 |
||
| NHL |
1 |
II |
Combined with rituximab |
NCT00994643 |
||
| Plasma cell neoplasms |
1 |
II |
Combined with anticancer vaccine |
NCT00616720 |
||
| Various metastatic neoplasms |
1 |
I |
Combined with cyclophosphamide and anticancer vaccine |
NCT00676949 |
||
| IL-2-expressing bacteria |
Liver cancer |
1 |
I |
As single agent |
NCT01099631 |
|
| L19IL2 immunocytokine |
Advanced solid tumors |
1 |
I-II |
As single agent |
NCT01058538 |
|
| Pancreatic cancer |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with gemcitabine |
NCT01198522 |
||
| Microsphere delivery |
HNC |
1 |
n.a. |
Combined with GM-CSF and IL-12 |
NCT00899821 |
|
| IL-4 |
IL-4PE |
Glioblastoma |
1 |
II |
As single agent |
NCT00797940 |
| IL-7 |
rhIL-7 |
NB Sarcoma |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with anticancer vaccine |
NCT00923351 |
| Metastatic breast cancer |
1 |
II |
As single agent |
NCT01368107 |
||
| MGN1601 |
RCC |
1 |
I-II |
Genetically modified anticancer vaccine |
NCT01265368 |
|
| IL-12 |
Ad-IL-12 |
Metastatic breast cancer |
1 |
I |
As single agent |
NCT00849459 |
| Ad-RTS-hIL-12 |
Melanoma |
1 |
I |
Combined with activator ligand |
NCT01397708 |
|
| EGEN-001 |
CRC |
1 |
I-II |
Alone or combined with FOLFIRI or FOLFOX |
NCT01300858 |
|
| Reproductive tract cancer |
1 |
I |
Combined with doxorubicin |
NCT01489371 |
||
| 1 |
II |
As single agent |
NCT01118052 |
|||
| rhIL-12 |
Breast cancer |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with DC/tumor cell fusion vaccine |
NCT00622401 |
|
| Melanoma |
1 |
II |
Combined with daclizumab and anticancer vaccine |
NCT01307618 |
||
| SCC |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with cetuximab |
NCT01468896 |
||
| IL-12-expressing TILs |
Metastatic melanoma |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and G-CSF |
NCT01236573 |
|
| Microsphere delivery |
HNC |
1 |
n.a. |
Combined with GM-CSF and IL-2 |
NCT00899821 |
|
| NHS-IL12 |
Epithelial and mesenchimal malignancies |
1 |
I |
As single agent |
NCT01417546 |
|
| pIL-12 |
Melanoma |
1 |
II |
As single agent |
NCT01502293 |
|
| Merkel cell cancer |
1 |
II |
NCT01440816 |
|||
| IL-13 |
IL13-PE38QQR |
Brain tumors |
1 |
I |
As single agent |
NCT00880061 |
| IL-15 |
IL-15-expressing DCs |
Melanoma |
1 |
I-II |
Autologous DC-based vaccine |
NCT01189383 |
| rhIL-15 |
Metastatic cancer |
1 |
I |
As single agent |
NCT01572493 |
|
| Metastatic melanoma Metastatic RCC |
1 |
I |
NCT01021059 |
|||
| IL-15-activated NK cells |
Pediatric refractory solid tumors |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with haploidentical stem cell transplantation |
NCT01337544 |
|
| IL-21 | rhIL-21 | Melanoma |
2 |
I |
Combined with ipilimumab |
NCT01489059 |
| II |
As single agent |
NCT01152788 |
||||
| Metastatic melanoma |
1 |
II |
NCT00601861 |
|||
| RCC | 1 | I-II | NCT00617253 |
Abbreviations: AML, acute myeloid leukemia; B-CLL, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CD40L, CD40 ligand; DC, dendritic cell; FOLFIRI, folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan; FOLFOX, folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HNC, head and neck cancer; IL-, interleukin; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; NB, neuroblastoma; NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; p, plasmid-encoded; NK, natural killer; rh, human recombinant; TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte. *started after January, 1st 2008 and not terminated at the day of submission.