Table 4. Clinical trials* on IFNs as anticancer agents (main trends).
| Chemokine | Tumor type | Trials* | Phase | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Early clinical trials (phase I-II) | |||||
| IFNα |
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma |
1 |
n.a. |
Combined with valproic acid and zidovudine |
NCT00854581 |
| Advanced solid tumors |
1 |
I |
Combined with decitabine |
NCT00701298 |
|
| 1 |
I |
Combined with cyclophosphamide and vinorelbine |
NCT00908869 |
||
| 1 |
I |
Combined with sodium stibogluconate |
NCT00629200 |
||
| 1 |
II |
NCT01479309 |
|||
| Bladder cancer |
1 |
II |
As single agent |
NCT01162785 |
|
| Cervical cancer |
1 |
II |
Combined with radiotherapy and RA |
NCT01276730 |
|
| CML |
3 |
I |
Combined with nilotinib |
NCT01294618 |
|
| II |
As single agent |
NCT01392170 |
|||
| Combined with nilotinib |
NCT01220648 |
||||
| CRC |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with celecoxib and poly-ICLC |
NCT01545141 |
|
| Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma |
1 |
n.a. |
Combined with UV light |
NCT00724061 |
|
| HCC |
1 |
I |
As single agent |
NCT00838968 |
|
| Hodgkin lymphoma |
1 |
II |
Combined with ABVD |
NCT01404936 |
|
| Kidney cancer |
1 |
I-II |
Combined with radioablation |
NCT00891475 |
|
| 1 |
I-II |
Combined with pazaponib |
NCT01513187 |
||
| 1 |
II |
Combined with sorafenib |
NCT00589550 |
||
| 4 |
II |
Combined with bevacizumab |
NCT00619268 NCT00719264 NCT00796757 NCT00873236 |
||
| 1 |
II |
Combined with celecoxib |
NCT01158534 |
||
| 1 |
II |
Combined with GM-CSF and IL-2 |
NCT01176552 |
||
| 1 |
II |
Combined with bevacizumab and IL-2 |
NCT01274273 |
||
| Malignant pleural mesothelioma |
2 |
I |
Combined with cisplatin and pemetrexed |
NCT01119664 |
|
| As single agent |
NCT01212367 |
||||
| NHL |
1 |
II |
In alkylating agent- or anthracycline-based regimens plus rituximab |
NCT00842114 |
|
| Neurofibroma |
1 |
II |
As single agent |
NCT00678951 |
|
| Pancreatic cancer |
2 |
I |
Combined with 5-FU, cisplatin and gemcitabine |
NCT00660270 |
|
| Combined with 5-FU, docetaxel, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin |
NCT00761241 |
||||
| Various solid tumors |
1 |
II |
Combined with DC- and TIL-based immunotherapy plus cyclophosphamide and TNFα |
NCT00610389 |
|
| IFNγ |
CRC |
1 |
II |
Combined with bevacizumab, 5-FU and folinic acid |
NCT00786643 |
| Melanoma |
1 |
n.a. |
Combined with peptide-based vaccine |
NCT00977145 |
|
| 1 |
I-II |
Combined with TIL and IL-2 |
NCT01082887 |
||
| Plasma cell neoplasms |
1 |
II |
Combined with antitumor vaccine |
NCT00616720 |
|
| Soft tissue sarcoma |
1 |
II |
Combined with autologous NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells, cyclophosphamide and IL-2 |
NCT01477021 |
|
|
Advanced clinical trials (phase III-IV) | |||||
| IFNα | Bladder cancer |
1 |
III |
Combined with BCG, epirubicin and mitomycin C |
NCT01094964 |
| CRC |
1 |
III |
Combined with 5-FU and folinic acid |
NCT01060501 |
|
| HCV-associated HCC |
1 |
IV |
Combined with ribavirin |
NCT00834860 |
|
| Kidney cancer |
1 |
III |
Combined with bevacizumab |
NCT00738530 |
|
| Urogenital cancer | 1 | III | NCT00631371 | ||
Abbreviations: 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; ABVD, bleomycin, dacarbazine, doxorubicin, vinblastine; BCG, bacillus Calmette-Guérin; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; CRC, colorectal carcinoma; DC, dendritic cell; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; n.a., not available; NHL, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; RA, retinoic acid; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UV, UV. *started after January, 1st 2008 and not terminated at the day of submission.