Table 5. Clinical trials* on TNFs and TNF-mimicking agents in anticancer therapy (main trends).

Chemokine	Agent	Tumor type	Trials*	Phase	Notes	Ref.
CD40L	CP-870,893	Metastatic solid tumors	1	I	Combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel	NCT00607048
	rhCD40L	B-CLL	1	I	CD40L-expressing autologous tumor cell-based vaccine	NCT00609076
		Bladder cancer	1	I-II	Adenoviral gene therapy	NCT00891748
		Lung cancer	2	II	CD40L-expressing allogeneic tumor cell-based vaccine	NCT00601796
					CD40L-expressing cell-based vaccines	NCT01433172
		MDS	1	I	CD40L	NCT00840931
		Melanoma	1	I	Adenoviral gene therapy	NCT01455259
TNFα	L19TNFα	Advanced solid tumors	1	I-II	As single agent	NCT01253837
		Melanoma	1	I	Combined with melphalan	NCT01213732
	rhTNFα	Advanced solid tumors Lymphoma	1	I	Combined with doxorubicin	NCT01490047
TRAIL	Conatumumab	Advanced hematological and solid tumors	2	II	Alone or combined with bevacizumab, FOLFOX and ganitumab	NCT01327612
		Advanced solid tumors		I-II	Combined with AMG479	NCT00819169
	Dulanermin	CRC	1	I	Combined with bevacizumab	NCT00873756
	Mapatumumab	Advanced cervical cancer	1	I-II	Combined with cisplatin and radiotherapy	NCT01088347

Abbreviations: Ad, adenovirus; B-CLL, B- chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CRC, colorectal cancer; CD40L, CD40 ligand; DC, dendritic cell; FOLFOX, folinic acid, fluorouracil, oxaliplatin; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; MM, multiple myeloma, rh, recombinant human; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. *started after January, 1st 2008 and not terminated at the day of submission.