Table 2. Lifetime psychiatric comorbidity of individuals with and without ADHD in the NESARC^a.

	ADHD			General Population
	N=807; 2.51%			N=33,846; 97,49%
	%	CI		%	CI		ORb	CI		AORc	CI		AORd	CI
Any psychiatric	94.98	92.78	96.54	64.54	63.22	65.84	10.40	7.07	15.30	7.57	5 15	11.13	7.57	5.15	11.13
Any Axis I disorder	92.64	90.22	94.50	61.95	60.52	63.36	7.73	5.70	10.50	5.59	4.13	7.58	3.24	2.35	4.47
Any substance use disorders	71.68	67.30	75.68	44.45	42.88	46.03	3.16	2.60	3.85	2.16	1.75	2.67	1.22	0.98	1.53
Nicotine Dependence	44.82	40.49	49.24	22.57	21.55	23.61	2.79	2.35	3.31	1.91	1 60	2.28	0.92	0.74	1.14
Any alcohol use disorder	57.01	52.30	61.60	33.97	32.48	35.49	2.58	2.14	3.11	1.87	1.53	2.29	0.88	0.71	1.10
Alcohol abuse	18.08	14.86	21.82	19.33	18.31	20.39	0.92	0.72	1.17	0.78	0.61	1.00	0.84	0.66	1.07
Alcohol dependence	38.93	34.76	43.28	14.64	13.91	15.40	3.72	3.11	4.44	2.48	2.04	3.01	1.24	1.00	1.55
Any drug use disorder	35.68	31.87	39.67	11.39	10.74	12.09	4.31	3.65	5.10	2.75	2.29	3.30	1.19	0.95	1.49
Drug abuse	27.88	24.48	31.56	9.70	9.12	10.32	3.60	3.01	4.30	2.30	1.89	2.79	1.10	0.87	1.40
Drug dependence	15.16	12.30	18.55	3.07	2.78	3.39	5.65	4.44	7.19	3.35	2.61	4.31	1.01	0.73	1.38
Any Mood Disorder	60.50	56.41	64.45	23.13	22.36	23.91	5.09	4.27	6.07	4.53	3.77	5.44	1.97	1.50	2.59
Major depressive disorder	26.39	22.73	30.41	16.17	15.55	16.80	1.86	1.51	2.29	1.74	1.40	2.16	0.96	0.72	1.27
Bipolar disorder	33.56	29.37	38.03	6.23	5.88	6.61	7.60	6.24	9.25	5.56	4.49	6.89	2.47	1.87	3.25
Dysthymia	6.09	4.41	8.37	3.36	3.15	3.60	1.86	1.31	2.64	1.72	1.20	2.48	0.62	0.39	0.98
Any anxiety disorder	60.74	56.43	64.90	27.24	26.29	28.21	4.13	3.45	4.95	3.93	3.29	4.71	1.85	1.47	2.31
Panic disorder	22.00	18.89	25.46	7.02	6.62	7.44	3.74	3.05	4.57	3.22	2.62	3.98	1.10	0.81	1.48
Social anxiety disorder	22.82	19.37	26.68	6.62	6.22	7.05	4.17	3.38	5.15	3.39	2.73	4.22	1.12	0.84	1.49
Specific phobia	35.75	31.64	40.08	14.61	13.89	15.36	3.25	2.70	3.92	3.07	2.53	3.71	1.39	1.09	1.77
Posttraumatic stress disorder	21.99	18.55	25.87	6.02	5.68	6.38	4.40	3.52	5.51	4.17	3.30	5.26	1.84	1.37	2.48
Generalized anxiety disorder	25.99	22.34	30.01	7.19	6.77	7.64	4.53	3.69	5.57	4.23	3.41	5.24	1.42	1.05	1.93
Pathological gambling	1.54	0.82	2.88	0.39	0.30	0.49	4.04	2.01	8.12	3.26	1.60	6.65	1.13	0.49	2.58
Conduct disorder	20.23	17.02	23.87	4.27	3.95	4.62	5.68	4.56	7.09	3.62	2.86	4.58	1.20	0.88	1.63
Psychotic disorder	8.81	6.75	11.41	2.97	2.65	3.33	3.16	2.33	4.28	3.14	2.28	4.32	1.42	1.02	1.99
Any personality disorder	62.79	58.59	66.81	20.46	19.72	21.22	6.56	5.52	7.79	5.25	4.40	6.25	2.82	2.25	3.54
Avoidant	10.61	8.50	13.16	2.11	1.90	2.34	5.50	4.26	7.11	3.85	2.92	5.06	0.94	0.66	1.33
Dependent	3.06	2.01	4.64	0.36	0.27	0.47	8.79	5.34	14.46	5.41	3.16	9.27	0.89	0.46	1.70
Obsessive-compulsive	19.34	16.17	22.97	7.78	7.35	8.24	2.84	2.28	3.54	2.55	2.04	3.19	0.85	0.63	1.15
Paranoid	14.76	11.98	18.04	4.06	3.76	4.39	4.09	3.20	5.21	3.04	2.34	3.96	0.71	0.51	1.00
Schizoid	9.19	7.14	11.75	2.91	2.67	3.17	3.38	2.55	4.48	2.65	1.98	3.55	0.65	0.45	0.95
Schizotypal	22.42	19.04	26.21	3.46	3.19	3.75	8.07	6.58	9.91	6.10	4.90	7.58	2.27	1.70	3.04
Narcisistic	25.16	21.82	28.83	5.69	5.31	6.10	5.57	4.59	6.76	4.85	3.92	6.01	2.23	1.75	2.85
Borderline	33.69	29.90	37.71	5.17	4.83	5.54	9.32	7.73	11.22	6.83	5.59	8.36	2.84	2.19	3.68
Histrionic	10.74	8.34	13.72	1.57	1.42	1.74	7.54	5.71	9.95	5.25	3.92	7.04	1.62	1.12	2.34
Antisocial	18.86	15.80	22.35	3.46	3.16	3.78	6.49	5.17	8.15	3.98	3.12	5.07	1.53	1.13	2.07

^aFigures in bold face are significant at p < 0.05

^bOR=Odd Ratios

^cAdjusted for Sociodemographic characteristics

^dAdjusted for Sociodemographic characteristics and other psychiatric disorders