Table 2.

Characteristics of participants by category of frailty status as defined by the study of osteoporotic fractures (SOF) index.^*

Values are presented as number (%). P-value from x² test for outcomes comparing a difference between any of the 3 study groups.

MMSE: mini-mental state examination, IADL: instrumental activity of daily living.

^*Analyzed with chi-square test. ^†To be expressed in ten thousand Won in Korean currency. ^‡History of 1 or more selected medical conditions including stroke, cancer (excluding skin cancer), dementia, hypertension, parkinsonism, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, and chronic obstructive lung disease. ^§Score over 2 by Hoyl geriatric depression scale (GDS)-5 indicates depressive mood. ^∥Having difficulties in or inability to perform IADL tasks.