Table 3.
Adjusted Risk Ratios (95% CI) Comparing Young Adult Outcomes between Healthy Group and Non-Asthma Chronic Illness and Asthma Groups
| Young Adult Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Graduated high school or received a GED | Ever employed | Currently employed | Live with parents | Currently receive SNAP support | Currently receive SSI or disability insurance | |
| Model 1: Illness Groups compared to Healthy Group | ||||||
| Healthy | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Asthma | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 0.91 (0.84–0.99)* | 1.20 (0.92–1.57) | 1.07 (0.80–1.44) |
| Non-Asthma Chronic Illness | 0.91 (0.85–0.97)** | 0.92 (0.86–0.99)* | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) ** | 1.11 (0.94–1.32) | 2.43 (1.61–3.66)** | 3.03 (2.14–4.30)** |
|
| ||||||
| Model 2: Asthma compared to Non-Asthma Chronic Illness | ||||||
| Asthma | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Non-Asthma Chronic Illness | 0.93 ( 0.87–0.99)* | 0.92 (0.86–0.99)* | 0.89(0.80–0.99)* | 1.2 (1.02–1.43)* | 2.0 (1.17–3.26 )* | 3.0 (1.90–4.74)** |
|
| ||||||
| Control Variables (Model 1) | ||||||
| Age (years) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01)* | 1.01 (1.01–1.02) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06)** | 0.86 (0.84–0.88)** | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | 1.12 (1.06–1.18)** |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1.03 (1.02–1.05)** | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.95(0.92–0.98)** | 0.80 (0.75–0.84)** | 4.76 (3.56–6.37)** | 0.79 (0.65–0.95)* |
| Race | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 0.97 (0.94–0.99)* | 0.92 (0.89–0.94)** | 0.79(0.75–0.83)** | 1.15 (1.04–1.29)** | 3.44 (2.66–4.45)** | 0.89 (0.67–1.19) |
| Hispanic, any race | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.98(0.96–1.00) | 0.99 (0.93–1.04) | 1.36 (1.21–1.53)** | 0.96 (0.63–1.46) | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) |
| Other | 1.03 (1.00–1.06)* | 0.95 (0.92–0.97)** | 0.85(0.78–0.93)** | 1.43(1.25–1.63)** | 0.79 (0.42–1.50) | 0.77 (0.47–1.31) |
| Highest parent education | ||||||
| < High School | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High School Graduate | 1.20 (1.13–1.26)** | 1.03 (1.01–1.06)** | 1.06 (0.99–1.12) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.68 (0.53–0.88)** | 0.89 (0.66–1.20) |
| Some College | 1.27 (1.20–1.34)** | 1.05 (1.02–1.08)** | 1.05 (0.97–1.12) | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 0.37 (0.29–0.49)** | 0.96 (0.70–1.31) |
| College Graduate | 1.32 (1.25–1.40)** | 1.05 (1.03–1.08)** | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 0.21 (0.15–0.30)** | 0.46 (0.31–0.66)** |
Risk Ratios using full model including age, sex, race, parent education and illness status. Model 1 compared those in with asthma and Non-asthma Chronic Illness separately to the healthy referent group. Model 2 compared the asthma and non-asthma chronic illness groups. (CI = Confidence Interval) Parameter estimates for controls reported for Model 1; models 2 and 3 estimates are similar.
*
RR with full model p<0.05
**
RR with full model p< 0.01