Table 3.
Microbicide candidates in preclinical development. Adapted with permission.43
| Mechanism of action | Candidates in pre-clinical development | |
|---|---|---|
| Vaginal defense Enhancers |
Unipron | |
| Attachment, fusion, and entry inhibitors | 5P12- RANTES Actohivin C52L CADA (cyclotriazadisul onamides) Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) (including bioengineered Lactobacillus expressing CV-N) CMPD167 D-peptides DS001/ L-860,167 DS003/BMS-599793 DS004/L-860,872 DS005/L-860,882 DS007/L’644 peptide EBd peptides Flavonoids (EGCG) Griffithsin ISIS 5320 K5-N, OS(H), K50SH LMBL (Lactobacillus mannose-binding lectin) Maraviroc |
Nanobodies™ Optimised dendrimers PEHMB PIE 12 trimers PPCM (polycarboxylated aryl oligomer,poly[1,4-phenylene-(1-carboxyl)methylene]) PSC-RANTES RANTES peptides (including bioengineered Lactobacillus expressing RANTES) REP 9C, REP 9AC Retrocyclins (RC101) sCD4-17b Single-chain ICAM Sodium rutin sulfate (SRS) Soluble DC-SIGN Syndecan T1249 Talactoferrin |
| Replication inhibitors | Dapivirine (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Darunavir (protease inhibitor) EFdA (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) GS9160 (integrase inhibitor) Lopinavir (protease inhibitor) MIV-150 (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) |
Raltegravir (integrase inhibitor) Ritonavir (protease inhibitor) Saquinavir (protease inhibitor) Tenofovir (nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor) |
| Immunomodulators | Glycerol monolaurate (GML) | |
| Combinations/multiple mechanisms | Dapivirine and DS003 Dapivirine and maraviroc Diterpene HHA, KRV2110, T20 combinations KP1, KP17 LNG and MIV-150 in a vaginal ring mapp66 (combination of anti-CCR5 and anti-HSV antibodies) Maraviroc and tenofovir MIV-150, zinc acetate, and carrageenan (carrageenan is an excipient) NCp7 Thioesters (SAMTs) Nisin Novasomes |
Opuntia spp (Osp) Pyrimidinediones Pyrimidinediones and ISIS 5320 siRNA SJ-3991 UC-781 and KP17 UC-781 and progestin UC-781 and tenofovir x-REPLAB Zinc acetate and MIV-150 in a vaginal ring Zinc tetra-ascorbocamphorate derivative “C14” |
| Novel and uncharacterised mechanisms | BASANT C5A (virucide) |
Zinc acetate and carrageenan Zinc |