Table 2.
Association between helminth infections and HIV-1 load at enrolment
| Exposure | Mean (SD) log HIV load |
Crude mean difference (95% CI) |
p | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)a |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hookworm | |||||
| Uninfected (n=162) | 4.01 (0.93) | ||||
| Infected (n=102) | 4.23 (0.91) | 0.22 (−0.01, 0.45) | 0.06 | 0.24 (0.01, 0.47) | 0.03 |
| S. mansoni | |||||
| Uninfected (n=216) | 4.11 (0.94) | ||||
| Infected (n=48) | 4.01 (0.87) | −0.11 (−0.40, 0.18) | 0.53 | −0.05 (−0.33, 0.24) | 0.75 |
| M. perstans | |||||
| Uninfected (n=202) | 4.10 (0.92) | ||||
| Infected (n=62) | 4.06 (0.96) | −0.04 (−0.31, 0.22) | 0.74 | −0.01 (−0.27, 0.26) | 0.95 |
| S. stercoralis | |||||
| Uninfected (n=235) | 4.11 (0.91) | ||||
| Infected (n=28) | 3.95 (1.05) | −0.16 (−0.53, 0.20) | 0.38 | −0.12 (−0.48, 0.24) | 0.51 |
| T. trichiura | |||||
| Uninfected (n=240) | 4.07 (0.94) | ||||
| Infected (n=24) | 4.34 (0.76) | 0.27 (−0.12, 0.66) | 0.17 | 0.37 (0.00, 0.74) | 0.05 |
| A. lumbricoides | |||||
| Uninfected (n=258) | 4.08 (0.93) | ||||
| Infected (n=6) | 4.55 (0.84) | 0.47 (−0.29, 1.22) | 0.22 | 0.39 (−0.34, 1.11) | 0.29 |
a
Adjusted for CD4 count, age, concurrent malaria parasitaemia;
SD=standard deviation; CI=confidence interval