Table 2.
Treatment of neonatal seizures
| Treatment | Therapeutic Targets/Mechanism of Action |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Conventional | |
|
| |
| • Phenobarbital | Enhance GABA inhibition |
|
| |
| • Phenytoin | Inhibit voltage-dependent sodium channels |
|
| |
| • Benzodiazepines | Enhance GABA inhibition |
|
| |
| • Lidocaine | Inhibit voltage-dependent sodium channels |
|
| |
| • Pyridoxine | Cofactor for multiple enzymatic process for neurotransmitters |
|
| |
| Off-label | |
|
| |
| • Levetiracetam | Interacts with synaptic vesicle protein (SV2A) |
|
| |
| • Topiramate | Multiple – modulation of AMPA, sodium, GABA channels. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. |
|
| |
| • Therapeutic hypothermia | Numerous potential mechanisms |
|
| |
| Future Therapies | |
| In clinical trials | |
| Bumetanide | Inhibits NKCC1 transporter |
| In preclinical development | |
| K+ channel openers | Enhances activity of KCNQ2/3 type of K+ channels |
| AMPA receptor blockers | Inhibits AMPA receptor mediated excitation |