Table 3. Clinical characteristics of positive and negative influenza cases during pandemic period in Rwanda from October 2009– May 2010.

Parameters	Influenza negative n (%)	Influenza positive n (%)	p-value
N (%)	1513 (74.0)	532 (26.0%)
Reported symptoms
Fever	1122 (74.2)	453 (85.2)	<0.001
Cough	1244 (82.2)	469 (88.2)
Nausea	229 (15.1)	147 (27.6)
Vomiting	297 (19.6)	89 (16.7)
Headache	713 (47.1)	382 (71.8)
Diarrhea	139 (9.2)	44 (8.3)
Lethargy	925 (61.1)	371 (69.7)
Difficulty breathing	678 (44.8)	173 (32.5)
Muscle pain	245 (16.2)	172 (32.3)
Dizziness	247 (16.3)	160 (30.1)
Sore throat	680 (45.0)	308 (57.9)
Symptom duration relative to presentation in days
Median days (Range)	3 (1–21)	3 (1–14)	<0.001
0–3days	803 (53.1)	297 (55.8)
4–7days	485 (32.1)	158 (29.7)
>7days	44 (2.9)	11 (2.1)
Vital signs
Median °C Temperature (Range)	38.2°C(37–41.6)	38°C (36.9–40)
Median admission pulse oximetry (Range)	97(85–100)	98(88–100)
Median breathing frequency (Range)	32(15–72)	24(16–70)