Table 1.

In vivo MRS methods for the detection of GABA.^a,^b

Reference	Method	Field (T)	Volume (ml)	Expt. (min)	Region 1	Region 2+	Application	Finding	Effect %	nc
[6]	JE	2.1	16		OCC		Vigabatrin	GABA↑	238%	12
[7]	MP, MS	4.7	27	6	OCC					4
[18]	DQF-MRSI	2.1	27	35	MRSI
[10]	2DJ	1.5	12	42	OCC					36
[16]	MP	7	27	19	OCC					14
[19]	DQF	1.5	27	17	OCC					15
[20]	DQF	3	35	9	FRO-PAR					10
[12]	2DJ-MRSI	4	8	48	MRSI					6
[21]	DQF	3	43	19	FRO-PAR					11
[22]	DQF	3	23	20	PAR-OCC	ACC				6
[23]	HHE	3	35	34	FRO-PAR					11
[24]	MP	4	5.3	38	SN	OCC		SN > OCC		11
[25]	2DJ	3	16	17	ParGM					27
[26]	DQF-MRSI	3	19	17–34	MRSI					13
[27]	MP	3	27	7	OCC
[9]	MP	3	27	11	ACC					20
[28]	MP	4	18	10	PAR-OCC					3
[29]	MP	3	27	16	PAR					5
[30]	JE	4		17	None					4
[13]	TEA	3	12	9	ACC					6
[31]	MRSI	7	1	26	MRSI
[32]	2DJ	1.5	27	35	OCC					1

^aStudy designs and findings are summarized: ‘SN > OCC … 11’ should be interpreted as ‘GABA concentration in substantia nigra is greater than that in an occipital region in 11 participants’; ‘GABA↑ … 238% … 12’ should be interpreted as ‘GABA concentration is elevated by an average of 238% in 12 subjects’.

^bAbbreviations include: Methods (JE, J-difference editing; MP, MEGA-PRESS; MS, MEGA-STEAM; MRSI, magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging; DQF, Double-quantum filter; HHE, Hartman-Hahn editing; 2DJ, 2D J-resolved spectroscopy; TEA, echo time averaging); Region (OCC, Occipital; FRO, frontal; PAR, parietal; SN, sustantia nigra; ACC, anterior cingulate).

^cNumber of subjects in the study.