Table 1.
Prevalence of pituitary antibodies in autoimmune hypophysitis, various diseases, and healthy controls.
| Diagnosis | Patients | IF | IB | ELISA | in vitro transcription and translation | References | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH | PGSF1 | PGSF2 | α-enolase | TRDR6 | PC1 | 7B2 | ||||||
| Hypophysitis | 159 | 16/28 (57 %) | 50/100 (50 %) | 2/17 (12 %) | 1/17 (6 %) | 2/17 (12 %) | 7/17 (41 %) | 0/11 (0 %) | 2/14 (14 %) | 2/14 (14 %) | [5–12] | |
| Isolated ACTH def. | 151 | 11/33 (33 %) | 35/88 (40 %) | 5/14 (36 %) | 1/10 (10 %) | 2/10 (20 %) | 1/10 (10 %) | 2/10 (20 %) | 0/10 (0 %) | 0/10 (0 %) | [13–16;6–10;17;18] | |
| Isolated GH def. | 275 | 26/177 (15 %) | 10/55 (18 %) | 10/65 (15 %) | [19–21;16;22–24] | |||||||
| Isolated gonadotropin def. | 21 | 8/21 (38%) | [25] | |||||||||
| Isolated TSH def. | 12 | 1/4 (25 %) | 0/4 (0 %) | 2/4 (50 %) | 0/4 (0 %) | 0/4 (0 %) | 0/4 (0 %) | [8–10] | ||||
| Multiple pituitary hormone def. | 78 | 5/26 (19%) | 10/41 (24%) | 2/18 (11%) | [20;26;16;7;22;25] | |||||||
| Empty sella | 106 | 24/32 (75 %) | 8/36 (22 %) | 16/38 (42 %) | [27;28;22;29] | |||||||
| Addison disease | 71 | 4/40 (10 %) | 6/14 (43 %) | 0/17 (0 %) | [27;5;23;11] | |||||||
| Graves disease | 783 | 51/378 (13 %) | 64/259 (25 %) | 65/312 (21 %) | 0/10 (0 %) | 0/10 (0 %) | 0/10 (0 %) | 1/10 (10 %) | [5;7–9;30;12] | |||
| Hashimoto thyroid. | 1147 | 150/898 (17%) | 26/156 (17 %) | 35/172 (20 %) | 1/10 (10 %) | 0/10 (0 %) | 1/10 (10 %) | 2/10 (20 %) | [5;7–9;30;12] | |||
| Polyglandular auto. | 608 | 31/455 (7 %) | 39/67 (58 %) | 42/86 (49 %) | [31;32;11;33] and Scherbaum, Lancet, 1983 | |||||||
| Type 1 diabetes | 372 | 47/243 (19 %) | 41/90 (46 %) | 25/64 (39 %) | 0/20 (0 %) | [32;13;14;34;21;6;23;11] | ||||||
| Celiac disease | 130 | 7/130 (5 %) | Iughetti L, Eur J Pediatr, 2006 | |||||||||
| Lupus | 45 | 0/13 (0 %) | 0/7 (0 %) | 1/7 (14 %) | 1/7 (14 %) | 0/25 (0 %) | [27;8;11], and Hansen BL, J Neuroimmunol, 1983 | |||||
| Multiple sclerosis | 33 | 11/33 (33 %) | Hansen BL, J Neuroimmunol, 1983 | |||||||||
| Rheumatoid arthr. | 25 | 2/15 (13 %) | 3/10 (30 %) | [5;9] | ||||||||
| Sjögren syndrome | 20 | 0/20 (0 %) | [11] | |||||||||
| Diabetes insipidus | 197 | 39/197 (20 %) | [35;27;23] and Scherbaum, Lancet, 1983 | |||||||||
| Idiopathic ↑ PRL | 163 | 34/132 (26 %) | 13/31 (42 %) | [22;36;37] | ||||||||
| Pituitary adenoma | 287 | 23/142 (16 %) | 16/68 (24 %) | 12/85 (14 %) | 0/11 (0 %) | 0/11 (0 %) | 0/11 (0 %) | 6/13 (46 %) | 5/11 (45 %) | 4/11 (36 %) | [27;28;5;21;16;22;8;23;9;10;36;12] and Scherbaum, Lancet, 1987 | |
| Sheehan syndrome | 54 | 8/23 (35 %) | 14/25 (56 %) | 0/6 (0 %) | 2/3 (67 %) | 0/3 (0 %) | 0/3 (0 %) | [15;16;38;9;10;39] | ||||
| Eating disorders | 57 | 42/57 (74 %) | Fetissov SO, PNAS, 2002 | |||||||||
| Cryptorchidism | 52 | 25/52 48 % | Pouplard A., Lancet, 1984 | |||||||||
| Type 2 diabetes | 279 | 23/93 (25 %) | 39/188 (21 %) | [34;21] and Kobayashi T, Endocr J, 1998 | ||||||||
| Goiter (non-autoimmune) | 339 | 3/339 (1 %) | [30] and Kobayashi I, Endocrinol Jpn, 1998 | |||||||||
| Healthy controls | 2438 | 28/940 (3 %) | 62/917 (7 %) | 44/736 (6 %) | 0/36 (0 %) | 0/36 (0 %) | 0/36 (0 %) | 2/46 (4 %) | 0/90 (0 %) | 0/36 (0 %) | 0/36 (0 %) | |
| 7902 | 593/4389 | 386/2024 | 266/1729 | 5/105 | 4/105 | 7/105 | 25/123 | 42/269 | 7/78 | 6/78 | ||
IF: Immuno Fluorescence, IB: Immuno Blotting, ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay, GH: Growth Hormone 1, PGSF1, 2: Pituitary Gland Specific Factor 1, 2, TDRD6: Tudor Domain Containing Protein 6, PC1: Prohormone Convertase 1, 7B2: neuroendocrine secretory protein 7B2 (secretogalanin V),
↑ PRL: hyperprolactinemia, “Number of positive patients” divided by “Total number of tested patients” and the percentage of positive patients are indicated.