Table 2.
Univariate | Multivariate* | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Any CVD (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Retinal Level§, All participants | ||||||
No NPR | 1249 | 353 (28.3%) | 1.00 | <0.001† | 1.00 | <0.01† |
Mild NPR | 142 | 65 (45.8%) | 2.14 (1.51 - 3.05) | 1.79 (1.21 - 2.66) | ||
NPR | 243 | 108 (44.4%) | 2.03 (1.53 - 2.69) | 1.22 (0.86 - 1.74) | ||
PR | 186 | 99 (53.2%) | 2.89 (2.11 - 3.95) | 1.76 (1.17 - 2.63) | ||
Ungradable | 116 | 66 (56.9%) | 3.35 (2.27 - 4.94) | <0.001‡ | 1.93 (1.24 - 2.99) | <0.01‡ |
Retinal Level§, Diabetic patients | ||||||
No NPR | 389 | 152 (39.1%) | 1.00 | <0.001† | 1.00 | <0.01† |
Mild NPR | 67 | 39 (58.2%) | 2.17 (1.28 - 3.68) | 2.35 (1.33 - 4.15) | ||
NPR | 214 | 99 (46.3%) | 1.34 (0.96 - 1.88) | 1.34 (0.91 - 1.98) | ||
PR | 175 | 95 (54.3%) | 1.85 (1.29 - 2.66) | 1.88 (1.21 - 2.92) | ||
Ungradable | 80 | 46 (57.5%) | 2.11 (1.30 - 3.44) | <0.001‡ | 1.82 (1.07 - 3.10) | <0.01‡ |
Retinal Level§, Non-Diabetic patients | ||||||
No NPR | 860 | 201 (23.4%) | 1.00 | 0.12† | 1.00 | 0.70† |
Mild NPR | 75 | 26 (34.7%) | 1.74 (1.05 - 2.87) | 1.33 (0.75 - 2.34) | ||
NPR | 29 | 9 (31.0%) | 1.48 (0.66 - 3.29) | 0.99 (0.40 - 2.42) | ||
PR | 11 | 4 (36.4%) | 1.87 (0.54 - 6.46) | 1.73 (0.44 - 6.85) | ||
Ungradable | 36 | 20 (55.6%) | 4.10 (2.08 - 8.06) | <0.001‡ | 2.55 (1.15 - 5.66) | 0.17‡ |
NPR= non-proliferative retinopathy. PR= proliferative retinopathy.
Based on worst eye
p-value for comparison among retinal levels excluding ungradeable
p-value for comparison among all levels including ungradeable
Adjusted by Age, Sex, Low-density Lipoprotein, High-density Lipoprotein,Systolic blood pressure, Smoking Status, Diabetes, Hypertension, Hemoglobin A1C, Triglycerides, eGFR, and log of 24H Urine Protein