Table 2.

The association of retinal level with any cardiovascular disease

			Univariate		Multivariate*
	n	Any CVD (%)	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Retinal Level§, All participants
No NPR	1249	353 (28.3%)	1.00	<0.001†	1.00	<0.01†
Mild NPR	142	65 (45.8%)	2.14 (1.51 - 3.05)		1.79 (1.21 - 2.66)
NPR	243	108 (44.4%)	2.03 (1.53 - 2.69)		1.22 (0.86 - 1.74)
PR	186	99 (53.2%)	2.89 (2.11 - 3.95)		1.76 (1.17 - 2.63)
Ungradable	116	66 (56.9%)	3.35 (2.27 - 4.94)	<0.001‡	1.93 (1.24 - 2.99)	<0.01‡
Retinal Level§, Diabetic patients
No NPR	389	152 (39.1%)	1.00	<0.001†	1.00	<0.01†
Mild NPR	67	39 (58.2%)	2.17 (1.28 - 3.68)		2.35 (1.33 - 4.15)
NPR	214	99 (46.3%)	1.34 (0.96 - 1.88)		1.34 (0.91 - 1.98)
PR	175	95 (54.3%)	1.85 (1.29 - 2.66)		1.88 (1.21 - 2.92)
Ungradable	80	46 (57.5%)	2.11 (1.30 - 3.44)	<0.001‡	1.82 (1.07 - 3.10)	<0.01‡
Retinal Level§, Non-Diabetic patients
No NPR	860	201 (23.4%)	1.00	0.12†	1.00	0.70†
Mild NPR	75	26 (34.7%)	1.74 (1.05 - 2.87)		1.33 (0.75 - 2.34)
NPR	29	9 (31.0%)	1.48 (0.66 - 3.29)		0.99 (0.40 - 2.42)
PR	11	4 (36.4%)	1.87 (0.54 - 6.46)		1.73 (0.44 - 6.85)
Ungradable	36	20 (55.6%)	4.10 (2.08 - 8.06)	<0.001‡	2.55 (1.15 - 5.66)	0.17‡

NPR= non-proliferative retinopathy. PR= proliferative retinopathy.

^§Based on worst eye

^†p-value for comparison among retinal levels excluding ungradeable

^‡p-value for comparison among all levels including ungradeable

^*Adjusted by Age, Sex, Low-density Lipoprotein, High-density Lipoprotein,Systolic blood pressure, Smoking Status, Diabetes, Hypertension, Hemoglobin A1C, Triglycerides, eGFR, and log of 24H Urine Protein