Table 1.

Comparison of PKCη and PKCθ in T cell biology.

	PKCθ	PKCη
T cell development in KO mice	Mildly impaired1	Normal2
MATURE T CELLS IN KO MICE
CD4/CD8 ratio	Lower than WT2	Higher than WT2
Proliferation
to αCD3 in vitro	Severely impaired3,4	Mildly impaired2
to PMA/ionomycin	Normal4 or Impaired3	Normal2
to antigen in vivo	Normal5–8 or Impaired9	Impaired2
to antigen in vitro	Impaired1,3,4	Impaired2
Homeostatic proliferation
Non-tg CD8 T cells	Normal2,7	Impaired2
OT-I tg CD8 T cells	Normal2	Impaired2
SIGNALING EVENTS IN KO CELLS
Calcium flux	Impaired4	Impaired2
NFκB	Impaired3,4	Impaired2
NFAT	Normal3 or Impaired4	Not available
AP-1	Impaired3,4	Not available
IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSE (IS)
In effector T cells	Recruited to IS10,12,15	Recruited to IS2,12
Spatial pattern	Central region11,12	Diffuse pattern2,12
Temporal kinetic	Late, after η13	Early, before θ13
Domain(s) required	V3 domain14	Not available
In regulatory T cells	Not recruited to IS15	Not available

¹Morley et al. (2008), ²Fu et al. (2011), ³Sun et al. (2000), ⁴Pfeifhofer et al. (2003), ⁵Berg-Brown et al. (2004), ⁶Barouch-Bentov et al. (2005), ⁷Valenzuela et al. (2009), ⁸Marsland et al. (2005), ⁹Marsland et al. (2004), ¹⁰Monks et al. (1997), ¹¹Monks et al. (1998), ¹²Singleton et al. (2009), ¹³Quann et al. (2011), ¹⁴Kong et al. (2011), ¹⁵Zanin-Zhorov et al. (2010).