Table 1.
Clinical and volumetric data and statistical differences between the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and healthy control groups
| PTSD | Healthy controls | Comparison (statistic, df, P value) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 22 | 75 | - |
| Age | 34.8 ± 10.4 | 36.9 ± 11.9 | t = 0.7, 95, 0.472 |
| Gender (% female) | 77% | 61% | χ2 = 1.9, 1, 0.168 |
| Handedness (r/l) | 18/4 | 72/3 | χ2 = 5.1, 1, 0.024* |
| Trauma exposure (childhood/adult) | 9/13 | NA | - |
| Type of trauma (sexual abuse/physical abuse/other) | 10/6/6 | NA | - |
| Concurrent MDD episode (yes/no) | 11/11 | NA | - |
| History of substance abuse (yes/no) | 2/20 | NA | - |
| IDS score | 21.4 ± 14.1 | 0.7 ± 1.3 | t = 8.9, 57, < 0.001** |
| CAPS score | 76.4 ± 16.6 | NA | - |
| HAM-A score | 10.3 ± 6.1 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | t = 12.0, 75, < 0.001** |
| Total brain volume (mm3) | 1 144 067 ± 94962 | 1 174 544 ± 118 902 | F = 1.2, 1, 0.278 |
| Left habenula volume (mm3) | 18.8 ± 3.6 | 19.8 ± 5.1 | F = 0.8, 1, 0.384 |
| Normalized left habenula volume | 0.000016 ± 0.0000036 | 0.000017 ± 0.0000052 | F = 0.1, 1, 0.999 |
| Right habenula volume (mm3) | 16.4 ± 3.7 | 17.1 ± 4.6 | F = 0.2, 1, 0.688 |
| Normalized right habenula volume | 0.000014 ± 0.0000032 | 0.000015 ± 0.0000044 | F = 0.1, 1, 0.999 |
| Total habenula volume (mm3) | 35.2 ± 6.7 | 36.9 ± 8.5 | F = 0.7, 1, 0.403 |
| Normalized total habenula volume | 0.000031 ± 0.0000062 | 0.000032 ± 0.0000094 | F = 0.3, 1, 0.589 |
CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; IDS = Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology; HAM-A = Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale; MDD = major depressive disorder; NA = not applicable.
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01