The KNP boundary is outlined in grey, with the contiguous private reserves shaded in grey. The five clusters are shown as minimum convex polygons (MCP’s), which have been clipped according to the boundaries of Kruger and other Private Reserves. These clusters are based on the distribution of collared female elephant over the entire study period. MCP’s were calculated for three collars in the Orpen-Skukuza cluster, four collars in the Satara-Nhlanguleni-Muzanduzi cluster, one collar in the Lower Sabie cluster, four collars in the Satara cluster and three collars in the Skukuza cluster. The 10 rainfall stations used are abbreviated: HOU– Houtboschrand, SAT – Satara, NWA – Nwanetsi, TSH – Tshokwane, OSA – Lower Sabie, SKZ – Skukuza, PRE – Pretoriuskop, NHL – Nlhanguleni, TAL – Talamati, KFT – Kingfisherspruit.