Table 1.
Differences between pathological gamblers with and without lifetime and current psychiatric disorders in demographic characteristics.
| Variable | Lifetime psychiatric disorders | Current psychiatric disorders | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With MI (N = 128) | Without MI (N = 73) | χ 2 | df | P | With MI (N = 90) | Without MI (N = 111) | χ 2 | df | P | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Male | 89.8% | 91.8% | 0.204 | 1 | 0.652 | 86.7% | 93.7% | 2.867 | 1 | 0.090 |
| Female | 10.2% | 8.2% | 13.3% | 6.3% | ||||||
| Age | ||||||||||
| 20 or below | 0.8% | 1.4% | 0.268 | 4 | 0.992 | 1.1% | 0.9% | 0.996 | 4 | 0.915 |
| 21–30 | 18.8% | 17.8% | 16.7% | 19.8% | ||||||
| 31–40 | 27.3% | 28.8% | 30.0% | 26.1% | ||||||
| 41–50 | 29.6% | 30.1% | 27.7% | 31.5% | ||||||
| 51 or above | 23.4% | 21.9% | 24.4% | 21.6% | ||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| Never married | 28.9% | 28.8% | 4.266 | 2 | 0.179 | 27.8% | 29.7% | 9.069 | 2 | 0.011 |
| Married | 56.3% | 65.8% | 53.3% | 64.9% | ||||||
| Widowed, separated or divorced | 11.4% | 5.5% | 18.9% | 5.4% | ||||||
| Education | ||||||||||
| Lower secondary school or below | 28.1% | 17.8% | 3.436 | 2 | 0.179 | 30.0% | 19.8% | 3.622 | 2 | 0.163 |
| Upper secondary school | 42.2% | 42.5% | 42.2% | 42.3% | ||||||
| Sixth form or above | 29.7% | 39.7% | 27.8% | 37.8% | ||||||
| Economic status | ||||||||||
| Employed | 73.4% | 90.4% | 8.297 | 2 | 0.016 | 70.0% | 87.4% | 9.437 | 2 | 0.009 |
| Homemakers, retired, or students | 6.3% | 2.7% | 6.7% | 3.6% | ||||||
| Unemployed | 20.3% | 6.8% | 23.3% | 9.0% | ||||||
| Personal income | ||||||||||
| $0 | 17.2% | 8.2% | 14.160 | 7 | 0.048 | 18.9% | 9.9% | 11.487 | 7 | 0.119 |
| $1–$5,000 | 8.6% | 15.1% | 7.8% | 4.5% | ||||||
| $5,001–$10,000 | 21.9% | 21.9% | 22.2% | 21.6% | ||||||
| $10,001–$15,000 | 24.2% | 24.7% | 21.1% | 27.0% | ||||||
| $15,001–$20,000 | 14.1% | 13.7% | 17.8% | 10.8% | ||||||
| $20,001–$25,000 | 3.9% | 11.0% | 3.3% | 9.0% | ||||||
| $25,001–$30,000 | 3.9% | 4.1% | 3.3% | 4.5% | ||||||
| $30,001 or above | 6.3% | 15.1% | 5.6% | 12.6% | ||||||
| Living arrangement | ||||||||||
| Living alone | 12.5% | 4.1% | 5.195 | 3 | 0.158 | 15.5% | 4.5% | 9.467 | 3 | 0.024 |
| With spouse | 14.1% | 20.5% | 12.2% | 19.8% | ||||||
| With family members | 68.8% | 72.6% | 66.7% | 73.0% | ||||||
| With friends, in hostels, or in unstable homes | 4.7% | 2.7% | 5.5% | 2.7% | ||||||