Table 3.
Prevalence rates of lifetime and current comorbid psychiatric disorders in 201 pathological gamblers.
| Variable | Lifetime psychiatric disorders | Current psychiatric disorders | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | PG firsta | MI firstb | Same yearc | N | % | PG firsta | MI firstb | Same yearc | |
| Any psychiatric disorder | 128 | 63.7 | 34.9% | 55.8% | 9.3% | 90 | 44.8 | 30.0% | 58.9% | 11.1% |
| Mood disorders | ||||||||||
| Any mood disorder | 59 | 29.4 | 62.7% | 23.7% | 13.6% | 43 | 21.4 | 65.9% | 20.5% | 13.6% |
| Major depressive disorder | 43 | 21.4 | 60.5% | 25.6% | 14.0% | 30 | 14.9 | 63.3% | 23.3% | 13.3% |
| Bipolar disorder | 4 | 2.0 | 75.0% | 0% | 25.0% | 2 | 1.0 | 50.0% | 0% | 50.0% |
| Dysthymic disorder | 13 | 6.5 | 76.9% | 15.4% | 7.7% | 13 | 6.5 | 76.9% | 15.4% | 7.7% |
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorder | ||||||||||
| Any schizophrenia spectrum disorder | 5 | 2.5 | 40.0% | 60.0% | 0% | 3 | 1.5 | 66.7% | 33.3 | 0 |
| Schizophrenia | 4 | 2.0 | 50.0% | 50.0% | 0% | 3 | 1.5 | 66.7% | 33.3 | 0 |
| Substance use disorder | ||||||||||
| Any substance use disorder | 62 | 30.8 | 15.9% | 74.6% | 9.5% | 46 | 22.9 | 8.7% | 78.3 | 13.0 |
| Alcohol abuse or dependence | 23 | 11.4 | 30.4% | 60.9% | 8.7% | 16 | 8.0 | 25.0% | 62.5 | 12.5 |
| Nicotine dependence | 49 | 24.4 | 16.3% | 75.5% | 8.2% | 41 | 20.4 | 12.2% | 78.0 | 9.8 |
| Any drug abuse or dependence | 10 | 5.0 | 50.0% | 40.0% | 10.0% | 9 | 4.5 | 55.6% | 33.3 | 11.1 |
| Anxiety disorder | ||||||||||
| Any anxiety disorder | 19 | 9.5 | 36.8% | 57.9% | 5.3% | 17 | 8.5 | 35.3% | 58.8 | 5.9 |
| Panic disorder | 5 | 2.5 | 50.0% | 25.0% | 25.0% | 4 | 2.0 | 66.7% | 25.0 | 33.3 |
| Agoraphobia | 2 | 1.0 | 100.0% | 0% | 0% | 1 | 0.5 | 100.0% | 0 | 0 |
| Social phobia | 1 | 0.5 | 0% | 100.0% | 0% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Specific phobia | 8 | 4.0 | 25.0% | 75.0% | 0% | 1 | 0.5 | 16.7 | 86.3 | 0 |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | 4 | 2.0 | 0% | 100.0% | 0% | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 100.0 | 0 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 4 | 2.0 | 50.0% | 50.0% | 0% | 4 | 2.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 0 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 4 | 2.0 | 100.0% | 0% | 0% | 4 | 2.0 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 |
| Adjustment disorder | 42 | 20.9 | 64.3% | 21.4% | 14.3% | 28 | 13.9 | 60.7 | 21.4 | 17.9 |
a“PG First” refers to onset of pathological gambling preceded onset of comorbid psychiatric disorder.
b“MI First” refers to onset of comorbid psychiatric disorder preceded onset of pathological gambling.
c“Same Year” refers to both pathological gambling and comorbid psychiatric disorder developed in the same year.