Representative vertical ground reaction forces from a non-amputee (bioL), the unaffected leg (UL) and affected leg (AL) of a unilateral amputee and a bilateral amputee (BL) running at four different speeds ((a) 3 m s−1; (b) 5 m s−1; (c) 7 m s−1; (d) 9 m s−1). Peak forces were higher in bioL and tended to be higher in UL, compared with AL and BL subjects. Thick black line, bioL; thin line, UL; red solid line, AL; blue dashed line, BL. (Online version in colour.)