Figure 3.
Results of the validation measurements. Black lines indicate the results of the validation FE model, grey lines the average (of three specimens) of the corresponding bending experiments. Dashed lines represent a loading at the rostral-most part of the keratinous upper beak (R2 = 0.97), full lines represent tip loading (R2 = 0.89) and dotted lines represent centre loading (R2 = 0.89).