Point mutations in the ND of FST ND-FSD1-FSD1 can abrogate myostatin inhibition. A, Increasing amounts of FST ND-FSD1-FSD1 construct DNA were transfected into HEK293-CAGA cells, which were later treated with exogenous ligands. Total DNA was normalized using empty vector. Each condition was performed in triplicate for each experiment, and each experiment was performed two times. Figures represent the combined data from all experiments. B, Purified FST ND-FSD1-FSD1 proteins at various concentrations were mixed with myostatin and applied to HEK293-CAGA cells. Each condition was performed in triplicate for each experiment, and each experiment was performed two to three times. Figures represent the combined data from all experiments. Error bars represent ±sem.