Table 5.

Changes in protein metabolism in animal models of chronic liver disease

Model	Species	Results	Reference
CCl4 i.g. + phenobarbital † at 10, 20 and 60 days	Rat	↑proteolysis (incubated m. vastus lateralis) ↓cross-sectional area of muscle fibres (diaphragm)	Weber et al. (1992)
CCl4 i.g. † at 8 weeks	Rat	↓gain of body weight ↓proteolysis in muscle (GM) ↓protein synthesis (GM)	Holecek et al. (1995a)
Bile duct ligation † at 5 weeks	Rat	↓muscle weight (diaphragm, m. scalenus, m. parasternalis, GM, m. plantaris, EDL, SOL) ↓cross-sectional area of type IIx/b muscle fibre (diaphragm, GM)	Gayan-Ramirez et al. (1998)
Bile duct ligation † at 5 weeks	Rat	↓muscle weight (EPI, GM, SOL, EDL) ↑proteolysis (incubated EPI) ↑expression of ubiquitin-dependent system (GM)	Lin et al. (2005)

^†sacrifice time after treatment; SOL, m. soleus; TA, m. tibialis anterior; EPI, m. epitrochlearis; EDL, m. extensor digitorum longus; GM, m. gastrocnemius; SOL, m. soleus.