Table 6.

Changes in protein metabolism in animal models of acute and chronic renal failure

Model	Species	Results	Reference
Bilateral nephrectomy † at 24 h	Rat	↓protein synthesis (GM) ↓whole-body protein turnover	Holecek et al. (2000c)
5/6 nephrectomy † at 28 weeks	Rat	Significant uraemia only in four of 12 animals NS effect on gain of body weight ↑whole-body protein turnover NS effect on protein synthesis in muscle (GM)	Holecek et al. (2001)
11/12 nephrectomy † at 2 weeks	Rat	↓protein synthesis (perfused hindquarters) ↑proteolysis (perfused hindquarters)	May et al. (1987)
7/8 nephrectomy † at 15 days	Rat	↑proteolysis (incubated EPI) ↑expression of ubiquitin and proteasome subunit C9	Bailey et al. (1996)

^†sacrifice time after surgery; SOL, m. soleus; TA, m. tibialis anterior; EPI, m. epitrochlearis; EDL, m. extensor digitorum longus; GM, m. gastrocnemius; SOL, m. soleus.