Table 7.

Changes in protein metabolism in animal models of chronic heart failure

Model	Species	Results	Reference
Myocardial infarction † at 7 weeks	Rat	↓body weight and lean mass in adult males at first week after surgery	Palus et al. (2009)
Myocardial infarction † at 8 weeks	Rat	NS effect on lean mass	Akashi et al. (2009)
Myocardial infarction † at 7 weeks	Rat	↓muscle weight and protein content (GM) ↓protein content (EDL, SOL, GM)	Nagaya et al. (2001)
Aortic banding † at 8 weeks	Rat	↓body weight ↓muscle weight and protein content (EDL, SOL, GM)	Héliès-Toussaint et al. (2005)
Monocrotaline 30 mg/kg, i.p. † at 3 weeks	Rat	↓body weight ↓muscle weight (EDL) ↑mRNA levels for MaFbx, ubiquitin and 20S and 19S proteasome subunits (EDL)	Steffen et al. (2008)
Monocrotaline 30 mg/kg, i.p. † at 4 weeks	Rat	↓single-fibre cross-sectional area in muscle (TA) ↑caspase-3 activity (TA) ↑apoptosis of skeletal muscle nuclei (TA)	Vescovo et al. (2002)

^†sacrifice time after treatment; SOL, m. soleus; TA, m. tibialis anterior; EPI, m. epitrochlearis; EDL, m. extensor digitorum longus; GM, m. gastrocnemius; SOL, m. soleus.