Table 9.
Muscle protein metabolism in models of muscle wasting in ICU patients
| Model | Species | Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tail suspension † at 7 days | Mouse | ↓muscle weight and force (SOL) ↓fibre cross-sectional area (SOL) | Labeit et al. (2010) |
| UHI (stick fixed with a bandage) † at 7 days | Mouse | ↓fibre cross-sectional area (EDL, TA) ↑atrogin-1 and MuRF1(EDL, TA) | Madaro et al. (2008) |
| UHI (sciatic denervation) † at 7 days | Rat | ↓muscle weight (SOL, EDL) ↑ubiquitin mRNA expression (SOL) | Beehler et al. (2006) |
| Dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg/day † at 7 days | Rat | ↓muscle weight ↓fibre cross-sectional area (TA) | Schakman et al. (2005) |
| Dexamethasone 0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg/day † at 14 days | Rat | ↓diameter of muscle fibres (GM) | Konno (2005) |
| Dexamethasone 1 or 5 mg/kg/day † at 4 and 10 days | Rat | ↓muscle weight (TA, GM) ↓fibre cross-sectional area (TA, GM) ↑chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome (TA, GM) | Gilson et al. (2007) |
| Dexamethasone 0.7 mg/kg/day † at 1 and 7 days | Rat | ↓muscle weight (GM) ↑proteolysis (GM) ↑MAFbx mRNA (GM) | Zhao et al. (2008) |
| Dexamethasone 0.54 mg/kg/day † at 6 days | Rat | ↓muscle weight (EPI) ↑ubiquitin-specific proteases mRNA (EPI) | Combaret et al. (2005) |
| Corticosterone 100 mg/kg/day † at 2, 4, or 8 days | Rat | ↑myofibrillar proteolysis ↓protein synthesis (perfused hindquarter) | Kayali et al. (1987) |
| NBA (α-cobratoxin) + MV hydrocortisone (16 mg/kg/day) † at 7–13 days | Rat | ↓fibre cross-sectional area (EDL, SOL) ↓myosin mRNA expression (EDL, SOL, diaphragm, intercostal muscles) | Norman et al. (2006a) |
| UHI (sciatic denervation) dexamethasone (5 mg/kg/day) † at 7 days | Rat | ↓muscle weight ↑atrogin-1 (plantaris muscle) | Mozaffar et al. (2007) |
| NBA (pancuronium) + MV bethamethasone (0.2 mg/kg/day) sepsis (E. coli infusion) † at 10 h–5 days | Pig | ↓myosin heavy-chain and α-actin mRNA expression (m. biceps femoris a m. masseter) | Norman et al. (2006b) |
†
sacrifice time; NBA, neuromuscular blocking agent; MV, mechanical ventilation; UHI, unilateral hindlimb immobilization; SOL, m. soleus; TA, m. tibialis anterior; EPI, m. epitrochlearis; EDL, m. extensor digitorum longus; GM, m. gastrocnemius.