Table 2.
Socio-demographic and behavioural sample characteristics of German boys according to quartiles of dietary pattern scores
| Dietary patterns | Western | Healthy | Traditional | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | p | ||
| n | 155 | 156 | 156 | 155 | 155 | 156 | 156 | 155 | 155 | 156 | 156 | 155 | ||||
| Age (mean)† | 14.0 | 14.0 | 14.5 | 15.5 | <.0001 | 15.0 | 14.3 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 0.1218 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 15.2 | <.0001 | |
| Community size (number of subjects, %)‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| < 5000 inhabitants | 28.0 | 30.8 | 18.1 | 23.1 | 29.7 | 33.1 | 21.1 | 16.2 | 17.9 | 23.8 | 25.4 | 32.9 | ||||
| 5000 - < 100000 inhabitants | 18.9 | 23.9 | 25.9 | 31.3 | 27.3 | 25.5 | 24.0 | 23.2 | 25.1 | 28.0 | 25.5 | 21.4 | ||||
| > 100000 inhabitants | 24.2 | 22.1 | 25.2 | 28.6 | 0.1931 | 20.1 | 19.9 | 26.8 | 33.2 | 0.033 | 38.2 | 20.7 | 23.6 | 17.6 | 0.0079 | |
| Socioeconomic status (3-21) §† | 12.7 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 11.4 | 0.0341 | 11.2 | 12.0 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 0.0226 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 12.1 | 11.2 | 0.0988 | |
| Education (number of subjects %)‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| Grammar school | 33.5 | 21.7 | 25.9 | 18.9 | 12.1 | 24.0 | 33.7 | 30.2 | 30.2 | 28.9 | 22.1 | 18.7 | ||||
| Secondary school|| | 15.7 | 32.0 | 22.3 | 30.0 | 33.1 | 26.2 | 18.4 | 22.3 | 30.3 | 23.4 | 21.5 | 24.8 | ||||
| Others | 21.4 | 22.3 | 30.8 | 25.5 | 0.0008 | 28.1 | 27.0 | 16.1 | 28.7 | 0.0001 | 22.6 | 28.6 | 30.1 | 18.7 | 0.4305 | |
| Dietary supplement user (number of subjects, %)ঠ| 16.4 | 23.4 | 26.7 | 33.6 | 0.4234 | 17.1 | 19.7 | 26.6 | 36.6 | 0.0109 | 24.7 | 23.8 | 24.5 | 27.0 | 0.6456 | |
| Joint family meals (number of subjects, %)‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| breakfast | at least three or five times a week | 29.2 | 30.8 | 21.2 | 18.8 | 23.2 | 27.4 | 23.5 | 26.0 | 23.3 | 24.2 | 24.4 | 28.2 | |||
| more seldom or never | 19.0 | 21.2 | 25.8 | 33.9 | 0.0004 | 26.1 | 24.4 | 24.8 | 24.7 | 0.8159 | 29.8 | 25.6 | 25.7 | 18.9 | 0.1033 | |
| lunch | at least three or five times a week | 24.9 | 27.1 | 23.8 | 24.2 | 23.7 | 26.1 | 23.7 | 26.4 | 28.4 | 23.1 | 26.2 | 22.3 | |||
| more seldom or never | 19.6 | 21.4 | 24.7 | 34.4 | 0.0678 | 27.0 | 24.5 | 25.0 | 23.5 | 0.7651 | 26.9 | 27.4 | 24.1 | 21.6 | 0.7472 | |
| dinner | at least three or five times a week | 24.3 | 25.3 | 24.0 | 26.5 | 19.9 | 25.0 | 25.8 | 29.3 | 28.5 | 25.2 | 22.8 | 23.5 | |||
| more seldom or never | 18.2 | 22.8 | 24.9 | 34.0 | 0.2888 | 38.4 | 26.4 | 20.4 | 14.8 | <.0001 | 26.2 | 24.8 | 30.5 | 18.5 | <.0001 | |
| Lunch at school (number of subjects, %)‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| Five times a week | 7.8 | 7.1 | 10.6 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 9.7 | 1.9 | 13.3 | 7.2 | 9.0 | ||||
| at least one or two times a week | 24.8 | 24.5 | 18.6 | 36.2 | 23.1 | 23.3 | 21.5 | 35.3 | 26.0 | 24.7 | 26.3 | 26.8 | ||||
| more seldom or never | 67.5 | 68.4 | 70.8 | 57.1 | 0.3754 | 69.6 | 68.7 | 71.1 | 55.0 | 0.4794 | 72.1 | 62.0 | 66.5 | 64.2 | 0.2698 | |
| Cooking skills (number of subjects, %)‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| very good | 23.6 | 17.4 | 27.0 | 32.0 | 28.6 | 27.2 | 21.5 | 22.7 | 24.0 | 20.1 | 32.2 | 23.7 | ||||
| good | 21.6 | 26.8 | 22.9 | 28.7 | 24.6 | 21.9 | 26.5 | 27.0 | 27.7 | 25.0 | 20.1 | 27.2 | ||||
| worse | 21.4 | 28.5 | 23.8 | 26.3 | 0.4909 | 24.1 | 30.4 | 22.9 | 22.6 | 0.2706 | 31.7 | 31.4 | 27.1 | 9.8 | 0.1468 | |
| Physical activity (hours per week)† | 6.0 | 5.8 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 0.08 | 5.0 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 0.0398 | 4.7 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 6.4 | 0.042 | |
| Time spent watching TV a day‡ | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 to 30 minutes | 25.7 | 26.1 | 22.6 | 25.7 | 24.9 | 25.3 | 20.1 | 29.8 | 30.3 | 29.3 | 23.3 | 17.1 | ||||
| 1 to 2 hour | 24.8 | 23.4 | 24.3 | 27.6 | 23.0 | 26.9 | 26.3 | 23.8 | 28.0 | 23.8 | 25.9 | 22.3 | ||||
| 3 to 4 hour or more | 13.2 | 26.5 | 25.3 | 35.1 | 0.2590 | 31.9 | 21.7 | 23.4 | 23.1 | 0.4584 | 24.4 | 24.7 | 24.1 | 26.8 | 0.7075 | |
| Overweight adolescents (number of subjects, %)‡ | 21.3 | 22.5 | 29.9 | 26.3 | 0.7168 | 28.0 | 22.9 | 17.3 | 31.7 | 0.3934 | 36.6 | 19.6 | 20.4 | 23.4 | 0.2774 | |
† test for trends
‡ Χ² statistics
§ Index according to Winkler [33]
║ Haupt- oder Realschule
¶ at least one time supplement use within a reference period of 4 weeks