Table 5.
Mean daily energy and nutrient density* according to quartiles of the dietary pattern scores identified among German girls
| Healthy pattern | Traditional and western pattern | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P for trend | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P for trend | |
| Energy intake (MJ) | 9.2 | 8.9 | 9.6 | 11.0 | <.0001 | 7.3 | 8.5 | 10.0 | 13.3 | <.0001 |
| % of energy | ||||||||||
| Total fat | 32.4 | 32.3 | 31.8 | 32.2 | 0.864 | 30.2 | 31.2 | 32.9 | 34.6 | <.0001 |
| Saturated fatty acids (SFA) | 14.2 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 13.3 | 0.031 | 12.6 | 13.6 | 14.3 | 14.8 | <.0001 |
| Unsaturated fatty acids | 11.4 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 10.7 | 0.0309 | 10.0 | 10.6 | 11.3 | 12.2 | <.0001 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 0.0026 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 0.5288 |
| Protein | 12.4 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 13.6 | 0.001 | 13.3 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 0.593 |
| Total Carbohydrates | 53.4 | 53.3 | 53.4 | 52.5 | 0.319 | 54.6 | 54.2 | 52.6 | 50.8 | <.0001 |
| Monosaccharide | 13.4 | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.5 | 0.4261 | 13.7 | 12.6 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 0.0251 |
| Disaccharide | 16.6 | 17.2 | 15.6 | 15.8 | 0.0674 | 15.1 | 17.2 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 0.1092 |
| Polysaccharide (absorbable) | 23.5 | 23.9 | 25.2 | 24.0 | 0.4346 | 25.1 | 24.4 | 24.0 | 22.9 | 0.0126 |
| Alcohol | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.293 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.011 |
| Energy and nutrient density | ||||||||||
| Energy (kJ/100 g)† | 695.2 | 630.3 | 589.8 | 540.2 | <.0001 | 547.3 | 601.9 | 635.4 | 673.8 | <.0001 |
| Fibre (not absorbable) (g/MJ) | 2.2 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.1 | <.0001 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.2 | <.0001 |
| Vitamin A (μg/MJ) | 138.7 | 147.7 | 165.9 | 180.8 | <.0001 | 191.0 | 148.6 | 146.2 | 145.8 | 0.0003 |
| Beta-Carotene (μg/MJ) | 402.9 | 500.6 | 603.4 | 702.5 | <.0001 | 747.3 | 532.3 | 461.8 | 459.0 | <.0001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/MJ) | 18.0 | 20.1 | 22.5 | 23.9 | 0.0002 | 26.4 | 21.7 | 17.6 | 18.4 | <.0001 |
| Vitamin D (μg/MJ) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.001 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.735 |
| Vitamin E (μg/MJ) | 1573.8 | 1683.0 | 1674.1 | 1893.1 | 0.078 | 2078.0 | 1618.9 | 1543.4 | 1573.0 | 0.008 |
| Vitamin K (μg/MJ) | 25.3 | 31.2 | 38.8 | 46.0 | <.0001 | 41.7 | 35.7 | 32.6 | 31.3 | <.0001 |
| Vitamin B1 (μg/MJ) | 191.5 | 193.8 | 179.0 | 176.3 | 0.229 | 206.3 | 176.0 | 171.8 | 185.0 | 0.386 |
| Vitamin B2 (μg/MJ) | 225.3 | 232.0 | 212.9 | 209.0 | 0.222 | 246.0 | 211.5 | 208.9 | 210.7 | 0.203 |
| Niacin (μg/MJ)‡ | 3200.0 | 3373.0 | 3249.8 | 3366.4 | 0.547 | 3653.4 | 3142.5 | 3075.1 | 3305.5 | 0.280 |
| Vitamin B5 (μg/MJ) | 728.6 | 758.2 | 727.6 | 731.8 | 0.905 | 855.9 | 705.1 | 673.1 | 703.8 | 0.129 |
| Vitamin B6 (μg/MJ) | 244.6 | 254.5 | 247.4 | 248.8 | 0.956 | 288.1 | 236.8 | 225.3 | 242.6 | 0.177 |
| Biotin (μg/MJ) | 9.1 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 0.251 | 10.7 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 8.3 | 0.284 |
| Folate (μg/MJ) | 31.3 | 34.1 | 34.3 | 36.6 | 0.040 | 40.6 | 33.3 | 31.3 | 30.8 | 0.0028 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/MJ) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.002 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.275 |
| Calcium (mg/MJ) | 123.2 | 136.7 | 145.0 | 141.4 | 0.006 | 173.0 | 133.3 | 130.5 | 105.7 | <.0001 |
| Magnesium (mg/MJ) | 41.4 | 46.4 | 50.9 | 52.0 | <.0001 | 60.9 | 46.5 | 44.3 | 37.7 | <.0001 |
| Iron (μg/MJ) | 1427.2 | 1518.7 | 1584.1 | 1675.0 | <.0001 | 1713.9 | 1560.2 | 1482.6 | 1440.4 | <.0001 |
*Does not include nutrient intake from dietary supplements
† Foods without beverages
‡ Niacin equivalent