Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the control group and patients who received intracoronary injection of bone marrow mononucleated cells (BMCs).
| Baseline characteristic | Control (n=49) | BMC (n=52) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 55 ± 11 | 56 ± 12 | 0.72 |
| Male, n (%) | 44 (89.8) | 42 (80.8) | 0.20 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 26 ± 3.8 | 26 ± 3.4 | 0.66 |
| Risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 17 (34.7) | 18 (34.6) | 0.58 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 17 (34.7) | 24 (46.2) | 0.24 |
| Diabetes | 9 (18.4) | 11 (21.2) | 0.73 |
| Current smoker (tobacco in the last 3 months before AMI) | 26 (53.1) | 28 (53.8) | 0.94 |
| Family history of CAD | 22 (44.9) | 17 (32.7) | 0.21 |
| Previous history, n (%) | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 0 (0) | 2 (3.8) | 0.49* |
| Supraventricular arrhythmia | 0 (0) | 1 (1.9) | 0.33* |
| Stroke | 0 (0) | 2 (3.8) | 0.23* |
| Peripheral arterial occlusive disease | 2 (4.1) | 1 (1.9) | 0.61* |
| Heart failure | 1 (2.0) | 1 (1.9) | 0.74* |
| MI treatment, % | |||
| Time to revascularization (<12 h) | 75.5 | 75.0 | 0.95 |
| Infarct-related artery (LAD) | 95.7 | 91.8 | 0.68* |
| TIMI flow 2–3 after PCI | 100 | 97.9 | 0.46 |
| At admission | |||
| Killip, % | 0.72* | ||
| 1 or 2 | 93.3 | 95.8 | |
| 3 or 4 | 6.7 | 4.2 | |
| Heart rate (bpm), mean ± SD | 83 ± 17 | 83 ± 17 | 0.95 |
| Mean systolic arterial pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 126 ± 22 | 125 ± 35 | 0.94 |
| Mean diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD | 79 ± 14 | 81 ± 19 | 0.49 |
| Mean LVEF, % (RNA) ± SD | 37.0 ± 6.7 | 35.6 ± 7.0 | 0.29 |
| LVEF <30%, n (%) | 40 (85.1) | 41 (82) | 0.68 |
| Cardiac imaging, mean ± SD | |||
| EDV (echo), mL/m2 | 56.9 ± 13.1 | 57.9 ± 15.6 | 0.72 |
| ESV (echo), mL/m2 | 34.6 ± 10.0 | 36.6 ± 12.9 | 0.40 |
| LVEF (echo), % | 39.8 ± 7.0 | 38.1 ± 7.9 | 0.26 |
| Infarct size (MRI), % | 39.4 ± 10.0 | 40.1 ± 11.9 | 0.83 |
| Microvascular obstruction (MRI), # segment | 2.38 ± 2.1 | 2.42 ± 2.2 | 0.94 |
| # patients with MVO (%) | 32/42 (76.2) | 29/43 (67.4) | 0.47 |
| Non-viable segments (SPECT), # segment | 4.6 ± 2.5 | 5.6 ± 2.7 | 0.10 |
| Treatments at 3 months follow-up, n (%) | Control (n=43) | BMC (n=47) | p value |
| Aspirin/clopidogrel | 43 (100) | 47 (100) | 0.73 |
| Beta-blockers | 43 (100) | 46 (97.9) | 0.34 |
| ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor | 90.7 (39) | 95.7 (45) | 0.42 |
| Statins | 43 (100) | 47 (100) | 0.70 |
| Diuretics | 12 (28.0) | 17 (36.2) | 0.40 |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 17 (39.6) | 11 (23.4) | 0.10 |
| Anticoagulants | 9 (20.9) | 7 (14.9) | 0.46 |
AMI: acute myocardial infarction; MI: myocardial infarction; CAD: coronary artery disease; LAD: left anterior descending artery; TIMI: thrombolysis in myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; SD: standard deviation; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; EDV: end-diastolic volume; ESV: end-systolic volume; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; MVO: Microvascular obstruction; SPECT: resting 4 h thallium-201-gated-single-photon-emission computed tomography; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme.
*
Fisher’s exact.