Figure 3. Behavioural characteristics of “withdrawn” bouts of “withdrawn” horses compared to horses standing non-resting observed under natural conditions.

(a) rates of ear position changes (number of ear position changes per number of withdrawn/standing non-resting bouts); (b) rates of head position changes (number of head position changes per number of withdrawn/standing non-resting bouts, and (c) gaze durations of withdrawn/standing non-resting bouts (s) for “withdrawn” horses and horses standing non-resting observed under natural conditions. Data are given as boxplot diagrams showing medians (lines in the boxes), 25 and 75% quartiles (boxes) and minimum and maximum ranges (whiskers). Unusual features of “withdrawn” horses are the absence of ear and head movements and a fixed gaze.