Table II.

Baseline risk factors in multi-domain model of pre-surgery disability compensation (N=670)

Characteristic	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Socio-demographic
Age (ref. ≤44)		0.01
45-54	0.54 (0.35, 0.84)
≥55	0.53 (0.29, 0.98)
Education (ref. >HS)		0.99
<HS	1.00 (0.67,1.51)
Job factors
Job duration (ref. > 6 months)		<0.001
≤ 6 months	2.80 (1.59, 4.92)
Job physical demands (ref. sedentary/unsure)		0.09
Light	1.16 (0.62,2.17)
Medium	1.35 (0.74,2.47)
Heavy	1.70 (0.86,3.36)
Very heavy	2.71 (1.26,5.86)
Worker psychosocial
Work fear-avoidance (ref. Very low-moderate)		0.03
High-very high	1.66 (1.05, 2.64)
Recovery expectations (ref. Very high-high)		0.06
Low-unsure	1.55 (0.98, 2.45)
SF-36v2 (1 week) mental health (ref. >50)		0.09
41-50	1.22 (0.74,2.01)
31-40	1.75 (1.01,3.02)
≤30	2.04 (1.04, 4.00)
Pain and function
Pain interference with work (past week) (ref 0-4)		0.002
5-10	2.19 (1.33, 3.60)
Work days missed for wrist, past year (ref. 0)		0.001
1-29	1.97 (1.16, 3.37)
≥ 30	2.99 (1.48, 6.07)
Clinical and healthcare
Symptom duration prior to claim filing (ref. <6 months)		0.002
6-11 months	0.56 (0.32,0.99)
≥12 months	0.40 (0.25,0.64)
Missing	0.65 (0.24,1.79)
Specialty (first provider seen) (ref. primary care)		0.21
Orthopedic or hand surgery	0.60 (0.36, 1.00)
Occupational medicine	0.57 (0.24, 1.33)
Emergency room	1.63 (0.47, 5.62)
Other	0.86 (0.51, 1.47)
Tobacco use (ref. Never)		0.01
Occasionally/frequently/daily	1.73 (1.13, 2.66)
AUDIT-C (ref. Moderate or less)		0.08
Heavy or more	0.63 (0.38, 1.06)
BMI (ref. ≤ 30)		0.12
>30	0.62 (0.36,1.06)
Missing	0.96 (0.57,1.61)

AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C; BMI, Body Mass Index; CI, confidence interval; HS, high school; OR, odds ratio; SF-36v2, Short Form-36 version 2.

Because data were missing for > 3% of participants for BMI (n=26 with missing data) and for date of symptom onset (n=34 with missing data), BMI and symptom duration categories include a “missing” category.

Statistically significant effect estimates (p<0.05) are bolded.