Table IV.
Baseline risk factors for long-term post-surgery disability (365 days or greater, excluding disability days before surgery), with and without adjustment for disability compensation category(N=670)
| Characteristic | Multivariable model without adjustment for disability compensation category (pre-surgery versus only after surgery) | Multivariable model with adjustment for disability compensation category (pre-surgery versus only after surgery) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Disability compensation (ref. after surgery only) | ||||
| Pre-surgery disability compensation | ---- | ---- | 2.94 (1.57, 5.52) | <0.001 |
| Socio-demographic | ||||
| Age (ref. ≤44) | 0.47 | 0.81 | ||
| 45-54 | 0.68 (0.35, 1.30) | 0.80 (0.41, 1.57) | ||
| ≥55 | 0.74 (0.31, 1.77) | 0.92 (0.38, 2.24) | ||
| Job factors | ||||
| Employer offered job accommodations (ref. No/unsure) | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||
| Yes | 0.38 (0.18, 0.79) | 0.38 (0.18, 0.80) | ||
| Overall satisfaction with job (ref. Very/somewhat satisfied) | 0.12 | 0.12 | ||
| Unsatisfied/unsure | 1.78 (0.86, 3.71) | 1.80 (0.85, 3.82) | ||
| Worker psychosocial | ||||
| Relations with co-workers (ref. Excellent) | 0.03 | 0.01 | ||
| Poor-medium/unsure | 2.02 (1.07, 3.83) | 2.26 (1.17, 4.35) | ||
| Catastrophizing (ref. <1) | 0.66 | 0.78 | ||
| 1-1.9 | 0.74 (0.25, 2.14) | 0.75 (0.25, 2.26) | ||
| 2-2.9 | 0.52 (0.18, 1.51) | 0.61 (0.21, 1.80) | ||
| ≥3 | 0.69 (0.23, 2.07) | 0.81 (0.26, 2.49) | ||
| Work fear-avoidance (ref. Very low-moderate) | 0.19 | 0.37 | ||
| High-very high | 1.65 (0.79, 3.45) | 1.41 (0.66, 3.00) | ||
| Recovery expectations (ref. Very high-high) | 0.005 | 0.02 | ||
| Low-unsure | 2.41 (1.31, 4.42) | 2.15 (1.15, 3.99) | ||
| SF-36v2 (1 week) mental health (ref. >50) | 0.10 | 0.06 | ||
| 41-50 | 0.44 (0.18, 1.05) | 0.41 (0.17, 1.01) | ||
| 31-40 | 1.13 (0.53, 2.41) | 0.98 (0.45, 2.13) | ||
| ≤30 | 0.52 (0.19, 1.42) | 0.38 (0.14, 1.08) | ||
| Pain and function | ||||
| Pain intensity (ref. 0-4) | 0.04 | 0.04 | ||
| 5-7 | 1.45 (0.45, 4.64) | 1.28 (0.39, 4.21) | ||
| 8-10 | 3.28 (0.94, 11.44) | 3.02 (0.85, 10.73) | ||
| Work days missed for wrist, past year (ref. 0) | 0.15 | 0.26 | ||
| 1-29 | 1.25 (0.57, 2.77) | 1.05 (0.46, 2.39) | ||
| ≥ 30 | 2.27 (0.99, 5.17) | 1.97 (0.86, 4.50) | ||
| CTSAQ FS (ref. ≤25th percentile) | 0.07 | 0.10 | ||
| 25-50th percentile (2.3-3.0) | 2.35 (0.72, 7.67) | 2.12 (0.64, 6.95) | ||
| 50-75th percentile (3.0-3.4) | 3.31 (0.96, 11.44) | 2.82 (0.81, 9.82) | ||
| >75th percentile (3.4-5.0) | 4.79 (1.41, 16.33) | 4.31 (1.26, 14.72) | ||
| Clinical and healthcare | ||||
| Tobacco use (ref. Never) | 0.05 | 0.11 | ||
| Occasionally/frequently/daily | 1.83 (1.00, 3.35) | 1.66 (0.89, 3.08) | ||
| AUDIT-C (ref. Moderate or less) | 0.14 | 0.17 | ||
| Heavy or more | 0.54 (0.24, 1.23) | 0.55 (0.24, 1.28) | ||
AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C; CI, confidence interval; CTSAQ, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Assessment Questionnaire; FS, functional status scale; OR, odds ratio; SF-36v2, Short Form-36 version 2.
Statistically significant effect estimates (p<0.05) are bolded.