. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2012 Mar 7;15(3):239–246. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.02.003

Table 1.

Yersinia genes important for interaction with fleas and for transmission

Role	Gene^a	Function^b	Location in the genome	Present in :		Differential expression in the flea^c
Role	Gene^a	Function^b	Location in the genome	Y. pestis	Y. pseudotuberculosis	Differential expression in the flea^c
Survival in the flea midgut	*ymt*	phospholipase D	Y. pestis-specific plasmid (pFra)	+	−	yes
Proventricular biofilm formation/regulation	hmsHFRS	ECM synthesis/transport	chromosome	+	+	no
	hmsT, y3730	DGC; c-di-GMP synthesis	chromosome	+	+	no
	hmsP	PDE; c-di-GMP degradation	chromosome	+	+	no
	*rcsA*	transcriptional regulation	chromosome	pseudogene	+	unknown
	*nghA*	glycosyl hydrolase; ECM degradation	chromosome	pseudogene	+	unknown
Dissemination from the flea bite site	*pla*	plasminogen activator (surface protease)	Y. pestis-specific plasmid (pPla)	+	−	no
Other	Toxin complex (Tc) genes	antiphagocytic	chromosome	+	+	yes
	unidentified	flea enterotoxin	unknown	−	+	unknown

Gene differences between Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis are indicated in bold type.

ECM, extracellular matrix of biofilm ; DGC, diguanylate cyclase ; PDE, phosphodiesterase

See [24] for details