Only TLR3 ligands suppress cell migration. A, MMCs were pretreated with poly(I:C) (50 μg/ml) in the absence or the presence of chloroquine (10 μM) for 4h, wound healing assay was performed over 16 h. B, MMCs were pretreated with poly(I:C) (pIC), polyinosinic acid (pI), polyadenylic acid (pA), or salmon sperm DNA (dsDNA), each at 100 μg/ml, wound healing assay was performed over 24 h. C, BEAS-2B (human bronchial epithelial cells) were used for wound healing assay in the absence or the presence of Influenza virus A (FluA) at MOI: 3 for 4 h. D, MMCs were treated (TLR3, 100 μg/ml) or transfected (RLH, 3 μg/ml) with poly(I:C), wound healing assay was performed over 24 h. E, MMCs were infected with SeV (MOI:10) for 4 h, and wound healing assay was performed over 24 h (white bars). IL-6 induction was measured in the culture media by ELISA after the wound healing assay (gray bars).