Table 4.

Coefficients for behavior problems of individual characteristics of incarcerated men.

Independent variable		Incarcerated Men (N = 3,877)
		Interpersonal Problems	Self-regulation Problems	Aggression	Hopelessness
Level 2 (Reliability)		0.366	0.030	0.001	0.567
	Mean age of inmate population	−0.03 **	−0.004	−0.25 **	0.004
Level 1
	Age	−0.04 **	−0.03 **	−0.26 **	−0.02 *
	Race: White	0.51 **	0.34 **	1.47 *	1.09 **
	Latino	−0.03	−0.03	−1.22 *	0.47 **
	Other a	0.15	−0.03	0.04	0.50 *
	Education (>high school/GED vs. less)	−0.23 **	−0.22 **	−1.19 *	−0.55 **
	Time incarcerated since 18	0.04 **	0.04 **	0.22 **	0.04 **
	Type of crime: Sex Crime	−0.28 *	−0.73 **	−1.08	−0.09
	Violent Crime	0.58 **	0.03	2.35 **	−0.10
	Physical trauma <18 (Yes = 1)	0.48 **	0.44 **	2.70 **	−0.17
	Sexual trauma <18 (Yes = 1)	0.34 *	0.35 *	0.42	0.55 *
	Physical trauma 18+ (Yes = 1)	0.65 **	0.45 **	2.48 **	0.59 **
	Sexual trauma 18+ (Yes = 1)	0.52 *	0.46 *	1.54	0.85 *
	Abandoned <18 (Yes = 1)	0.27 *	0.28 *	1.79 *	0.44 *
	Abandoned 18+ (Yes =1)	0.51 **	0.42 **	1.55 *	0.42 *
Test Statistics
Chi-square		12.09	5.01	4.30	21.12
Df		8	8	8	8
p-value		0.147	>0.5	>0.5	0.007

^a Other race/ethnicity group includes: American Indian, Asian, Bi-racial, and other, unspecified; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001.