TABLE 3.
Yin Yang 1 Interacting Proteins
| Protein | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| A. Modifiers of histones and nonhistone proteins | ||
| p300, CREB binding protein | Acetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins | 78 |
| Histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 | Deacetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins | 81,83,138,234,235 |
| Ezh1 | Histone methyltransferease | 84 |
| Ezh2 | Histone methyltransferease on H3-K27 and H1-K26 | 85,236 |
| Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) | Histone methyltransferease on H4-R3 | 15 |
| Mdm2 | Ubiquitination of p53 and histones | 47,48 |
| Ubc9 | E2 conjugating enzyme of sumoylation | 94 |
| Protein inhibitor of activated STAT Y (PIASy) | E3 ligase of sumoylation | 94 |
| B. Other chromatin remodeling proteins | ||
| B23/Nucleophosmin | A histone chaperon involved in nucleosome formation | 26 |
| C-terminal binding protein1 (CtBP1) | A corepressor involved in chromatin remodeling | 100,101 |
| Ring1 and YY1 binding protein (RYBP) | A repressor present in PcG complex | 104 |
| CTCF | Chromatin remodeling; its deregulation causes epigenetic imbalance in cancer | 237,238 |
| INO80 | Chromatin remodeling and DNA repair | 109,110 |
| Sin3-associated protein 30 kDa (SAP30) | Involved in loss of heterozygosity | 107,108 |
| C. Tumorigenesis and apoptosis | ||
| p53 | Tumor suppression and genome stability | 47 |
| Retinoblastoma (Rb) | Tumor suppression and genome stability | 113 |
| p14ARF | Tumor suppression | 47 |
| E1A | Oncogene leading to tumorigenesis | 1 |
| Mdm2 | Oncogene enhancing p53 degradation | 47,239 |
| c-Myc | Oncogene transforming cells | 240 |
| c-Jun | Proto-oncogene | 116 |
| Caspases* 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 | Proteases activated during apoptosis | 117 |
| Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) | Posttranslational modification, DNA repair | 142 |
| E2F2, E2F3 | Regulation of retinoblastoma pathway | 105 |
| MBP1 | c-Myc promoter binding protein 1 | 186 |
| α-enolase | Tumor antigen in lung cancer | 186 |
| Integrases of human immunodeficiency virus and leukemia-related virus | YY1 enhances integrase activity | 241 |
| D. General and other regulation | ||
| RNA Pol. II, TFIIB, Sp1, activating transcription factor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding, TAFII55 | General gene transcription | 20,118–121 |
| Notch1 receptor | Cell fate determination during embryonic development | 186,242 |
| SFMBT2 | A member of Polycomb group proteins | 243 |
| YY1AP (HCCA2) | Hepatocellular carcinoma-specific protein | 244–246 |
| YY1 associated factor 2 (YAF2) | Interacts with MycN in neuroblastoma | 247,248 |
| mTOR (FRAP1) | Key factor in transducing various stimuli to regulate a wide range of cellular functions | 60 |
| Raptor | Associated with mTOR; regulates its expression and kinase activity | 60 |
| PGC-1α | A coactivator of YY1 in regulating mitochondrial genes | 60 |
| Small and large hepatitis delta virus antigens (σ-virus antigen) | Involved in TGF-β and c-Jun-induced signaling cascade | 249 |
| HOXA11 | Regulates uterine development | 82 |
| Activator protein 2 (AP-2) | Acts as a cofactor to stimulate ERBB2 promoter | 30 |
| CP2 | Transcription factor; interacts with the HXPR motif of YY1 | 250 |
| SMAD1/4 | TGF-β signal pathway | 251 |
CREB, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding; Ezh, enhancer of zeste homolog; Mdm2, murine double minute 2; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; TGF, transforming growth factor; YY1, Yin Yang 1.