Table 2.
Exercise test responses in normal subjects and CHF patients with normal and abnormal cardiac output in recovery (mean ± SD).
| Normal | CHF and normal CO recovery | CHF and abnormal CO recovery | p-value | |
| Rest | ||||
| Standing heart rate (beats/min) | 75±13 | 75±14 | 76±14 | 0.96 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125±9 | 122±9 | 117±8 | 0.02 |
| Ventilatory threshold | ||||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 130±22 | 104±32† | 93±18† | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140±7 | 133±14 | 126±12† | 0.03 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 84±7 | 84±7 | 76±11 | 0.06 |
| Oxygen uptake (ml/min) | 1487±483 | 1230±433 | 843±354†* | <0.001 |
| Oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min) | 19.8±6 | 12.5±4† | 9.3±3† | <0.001 |
| Minute ventilation (l/min) | 38.2±15 | 33.4±12 | 27.6±11 | 0.06 |
| CO2 production (ml/min) | 1445±580 | 1139±462 | 776±353†* | <0.001 |
| Exercise time (min) | 5.3±3.1 | 7.6±4.1 | 5.4±3.9 | 0.13 |
| Perceived exertion | -- | 4.1±3.4 | 4.7±2.1 | 0.69 |
| Maximal exercise | ||||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 139±24 | 113±26† | 108±21† | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 143±12 | 136±13 | 132±16 | 0.10 |
| Oxygen uptake (L/min) | 1.857±0.464 | 1.579±0.515 | 1.113±0.504†* | <0.001 |
| Oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min) | 24.8±6.2 | 16.7±4.9† | 13.2±4.3† | <0.001 |
| Minute ventilation (L/min) | 63.7±16 | 56.1±18 | 48.5±22 | 0.09 |
| VE/VCO2 slope | 0.28±0.03 | 0.31±0.05 | 0.40±0.09†* | <0.001 |
| OUES | 2.1±0.59 | 1.8±0.52 | 1.2±0.55†* | <0.001 |
| VCO2 (L/min) | 2.173±0.577 | 1.756±0.647† | 1.239±0.605†* | <0.001 |
| Respiratory exchange ratio | 1.15±0.09 | 1.09±0.09 | 1.13±0.08 | 0.18 |
| Exercise time (min) | 9.1±2.1 | 9.1±3.4 | 12.1±4.8 | 0.06 |
| Perceived exertion | -- | 7.5±2.1 | 8.2±1.5 | 0.50 |
p-value represents ANOVA main effect between groups.
*p<0.05 vs. CHF and normal recovery.
†
p<0.05 vs. normal subjects.
CO = cardiac output.
OUES = oxygen uptake efficiency slope.
VCO2 = carbon dioxide production.