Table 2.
Summary of included studies
| Ref. | Author | Year | Title | Study design | Location | Quality | Mean of age | Age range | Male % | RRT | ESRD patients | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HD% | PD% | RT% | |||||||||||
| 41 | Al-Nasser | 1992 | Seropositivity to hepatitis C virus in Saudi haemodialysis patient | Case control | KSA/South-Baha | 5 | 46 | 30–68 | 53.81 | 100 | – | – | 66 |
| 39 | Mitwalli | 1992 | Hepatitis C in chronic renal failure patients | Case-control | KSA/Centre-Riyadh | 2 | NR | NR | NR | 86.6 | 13.3 | – | 30 |
| 58 | Al-Ghamdi | 1998 | Whole blood total, reduced and oxidized ascorbic acid levels in Saudi patients with chronic renal failure: influence of gender and chronic haemodialysis | Case-control | KSA/Centre-Riyadh | 4 | 33 | 23–43 | 50.98 | 100 | – | – | 55 |
| 25 | Al-Haddad | 2003 | Depression among end stage renal disease patients | Case control | Bahrain | 4 | 52 | NR | 46.7 | 100 | – | – | 45 |
| 55 | Al-Mueilo | 2004 | Gastro-duodenal lesions and Helicobacter pylori infection in haemodialysis patients | Case control | KSA/East-Khobar | 3 | NR | 16–85 | 59 | 100 | – | – | 54 |
| 36 | Al-Ali | 2008 | Increased prevalence of glycoprotein IIB/IIIa Leu 33 pro polymorphizm in end stage renal disease patients on haemodialysis | Case-control | KSA/East-Dammam | 7 | 50 | 38–65 | 68 | 100 | – | – | 42 |
| 47 | Hussein | 1990 | Tuberculosis in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis | Cohort | KSA/West-Taief | 4 | 42 | 20–60 | 26 | 62.4 | 13.17 | – | 205 |
| 23 | Shakuntala | 1992 | End-stage renal disease in native population of the United Arab Emirates | Cohort | UAE/Abudhabi | 4 | 45 | 11–75 | NR | 52.1 | – | 47.9 | 96 |
| 24 | El-Reshaid | 1994 | End-stage renal disease and renal replacement therapy in Kuwait-epidemiological profile over the past 41/2 years | Cohort | Kuwait | 7 | NR | NR | 63.7 | 75.1 | 21.2 | 3.7 | 647 |
| 59 | Mitwalli | 1995 | The incidence of end-stage renal disease in two regions of kingdom of Saudi Arabia | Cohort | KSA/Gaizan, Madinah | 7 | NR | 11–75 | 61 | – | – | – | Madinah = 108, Gaizan = 187, Total = 295 |
| 26 | Al-Homrany | 1998 | Incidence of treated end-stage renal disease in Asir region, southern Saudi Arabia | Cohort | KSA/South-Asir | 8 | 47.89 | 9–99 | 56.1 | – | – | – | 114 |
| 30 | Al-Muhanna | 1999 | Disease profile complications and outcome in patient on maintenance haemodialysis at King Faisal University hospital, Saudi Arabia | Cohort | KSA/East-Khobar | 6 | 45.5 | 34–57 | 65.6 | 100 | – | – | 233 |
| 27 | Suberamanian | 2001 | Haemodialysis utilization in a single in-centre dialysis unit, in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia | Cohort | KSA/South-Gizan | 4 | 40.7 | 10–93 | 46.6 | 86.5 | – | 13.5 | 393 |
| 50 | Youmbissi | 2001 | CAPD in Dammam central Hospital, Saudi Arabia: a Five year experience | Cohort | KSA/East-Dammam | 3 | 41.3 | 10–85 | 32.25 | – | 100 | – | 31 |
| 28 | Al-Wakeel | 2002 | Morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients on dialysis | Cohort | KSA/Centre-Riyadh | 4 | 53.8 | 17–92 | 64.5 | 59.1 | 29.1 | 11.8 | 110 |
| 60 | Shaheen | 2002 | Pre-end stage chronic renal failure: the Jeddah kidney centre experience | Cohort | KSA/West-Jeddah | 6 | 49.5 | 11–90 | 58.6 | – | – | – | 99 |
| 32 | Saxena | 2003 | The susceptibility of patients with type-2 diabetes to hepatitis C virus infection during long-term haemodialysis | Cohort | KSA/East-Hafouf | 7 | 52.8 | 14–84 | 50.51 | 100 | – | – | 196 |
| 49 | Saxena | 2003 | The prevalence of Nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus and associated vascular access-related septicaemia among patients on haemodialysis in Al-Hasa region of Saudi Arabia | Cohort | KSA/East-Hafouf | 3 | 47.5 | 15–84 | 45.7 | 100 | – | – | 208 |
| 29 | Al-Khunaizi | 2003 | End stage renal disease experience in a general hospital in eastern Saudi Arabia | Cohort | KSA/East-Dhahran | 4 | 60 | NR | 50 | 97.8 | 2.2 | – | 37 |
| 61 | Mohamed | 2004 | Incidence and aetiology of end-stage renal disease in Madinah Munawarah Area: Any changing trends? | Cohort | KSA/West-Madinah | 5 | NR | >13 | 61.6 | – | – | – | 106 |
| 62 | Saxena | 2004 | The impact of nurse understaffing on the transmission of hepatitis C virus in a hospital-based haemodialysis unit | Cohort | KSA/East-Hafouf | 7 | 47 | 15–84 | 54 | 100 | – | – | 198 |
| 44 | Saxena | 2004 | The vulnerability of middle-aged and elderly patients to hepatitis C virus infection in a high-prevalence hospital-based haemodialysis | Cohort | KSA/East-Hafouf | 6 | 47 | 15–84 | 54 | 100 | – | – | 198 |
| 48 | Saxena | 2004 | Advancing age and the risk of nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus among patients on long-term hospital-based haemodialysis | Cohort | KSA/East-Hafouf | 6 | NR | 15–84 | 46.8 | 100 | – | – | 205 |
| 63 | Mohamed | 2005 | Morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients on regular haemodialysis: a single centre experience | Cohort | KSA/West-Madinah | 4 | 51 | 13–85 | 58.5 | 100 | – | – | 395 |
| 64 | Al-Khunaizi | 2007 | Patterns of renal pathology among renal biopsy specimens in eastern Saudi Arabia | Cohort | KSA/East-Dhahran | 6 | 41 | 23–59 | 55 | – | – | – | 95 |
| 65 | Hussein | 1990 | Chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis using automatic cycler machine | Cross-sectional | KSA/West-Taief | 1 | NR | 6–74 | 42 | – | 100 | – | 28 |
| 38 | Fakunle | 1991 | Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in haemodialysis patients in Riyadh | Cross-sectional | KSA/Centre-Riyadh | 3 | 40.4 | 15–75 | 63.2 | 100 | – | – | 190 |
| 14 | Ibrahim | 1992 | End-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | KSA | 2 | NR | NR | 50.7 | 98 | 2 | – | 822 |
| 34 | Hussein | 1994 | Observations in Saudi Arabian dialysis population over a 13-year period | Cross-sectional | KSA/West-Taief | 4 | 43 | 6–89 | 53.84 | 63.8 | 1.2 | 35 | 325 |
| 37 | Huraib | 1995 | High prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis C in haemodialysis patients in Saudi Arabia: a need for a new dialysis strategies | Cross-sectional | KSA | 4 | 43.4 | 28–58 | 50.56 | 100 | – | – | 1147 |
| 40 | Soyannwo | 1996 | Hepatitis C antibodies in haemodialysis and pattern of end-stage renal failure in Gassim, Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | KSA/Centre-Gassiem | 4 | NR | 11–80 | 51.04 | 100 | – | – | 96 |
| 66 | Mitwalli | 1997 | Aetiology of end-stage renal disease in two regions of Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | KSA/Gaizan, Madinah | 4 | Madinah = 50, Gaizan = 37 | 37–50 | 61.41 | – | – | – | Madinah = 45, Gizan = 82, Total = 127 |
| 46 | Al-Homrany | 1997 | Successful therapy of tuberculosis in haemodialysis patients | Cross-sectional | KSA/South-Abha | 3 | 51.2 | 25–70 | 23 | 100 | – | – | 270 |
| 42 | Kumar | 1997 | Hepatitis C virus infection among haemodialysis patients in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | KSA/South-Najran | 3 | 44.1 | 16–85 | 55.31 | 100 | – | – | 47 |
| 31 | Mitwalli | 1998 | Spectrum of renal osteodystrophy in dialysis patients at a tertiary hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | Cross-sectional | KSA/Centre-Riyadh | 4 | 42 | 14–78 | 50.9 | 80.7 | 19.3 | – | 57 |
| 52 | Al-Homrany | 2001 | Psycho-social features of chronic dialysis patients in Saudi Arabia: experience of one centre | Cross-sectional | KSA/South-Abha | 3 | NR | NR | 50 | 100 | – | – | 54 |
| 43 | Khan | 2002 | A study of end stage renal disease patients from southern part of Arabian peninsula | Cross-sectional | KSA/South-Najran | 4 | 39 | 13–66 | 55.22 | 100 | – | – | 67 |
| 35 | Gabr | 2004 | Cardiac tropinin T and end stage renal disease | Cross-sectional | KSA/Centre-Buraidah | 3 | NR | 27–78 | 45.2 | 100 | – | – | 73 |
| 45 | Abdelrahman | 2006 | Tuberculosis in end-stage renal disease patients on haemodialysis | Cross-sectional | KSA/East-Dammam | 3 | 38 | 21–75 | 39 | 100 | – | – | 256 |
| 33 | Al-Suwaida | 2007 | The Gulf survey on anaemia management GSAM 2005 | Cross-sectional | GCC | 4 | 53.9 | >18 | 52 | 100 | – | – | 563 |
| 51 | Al-Shatwi | 2007 | Nutritional assessment of haemodialysis patients | Cross-sectional | KSA/Centre-Riyadh | 4 | 52 | 35–69 | 47.5 | 100 | – | – | 61 |
| 67 | Al-Wakeel | 2009 | Micro-vascular and Marco-vascular complications in diabetic nephropathy patients referred to nephrology clinic | Cross-sectional | KSA/Centre-Riyadh | 3 | 61.9 | 19–85 | 69.6 | – | – | – | 184 |
| 54 | Al-Jahdali | 2009 | Restless legs syndrome in patients on dialysis | Cross-sectional | KSA/Riyadh, Jeddah | 4 | 55.7 | 39–73 | 53.7 | 76.3 | 23.7 | – | 114 |
| 53 | Al-Saran | 2009 | Nutritional assessment of patients in a large Saudi dialysis unit | Cross-sectional | KSA/Centre-Riyadh | 4 | 50 | 18–82 | 54 | 100 | – | – | 200 |
Abbreviations: RRT= renal replacement therapy, HD = haemodialysis, PD= peritoneal dialysis, RT = renal transplantation, ESRD = end-stage renal disease, NR= not reported