Table 1.

The cell adhesion force (F_DEP) of ECV304 cells cultured on COL1 and FN coated PDMS membranes at varied cell culture time, based on the calculated value of $\nabla {\text{E}}_{\mathit{\text{rms}}}^2$ in the present study.

Culture time (h)	Radius of cell (μm)		Collagen (COL1)					Fibronectin (FN)
	major axis	minor axis	applied potential (Vpp)	calculated ∇ |Erms2| (V2m−3)	FDEP (nN)	standard deviation	applied potential (Vpp)	calculated ∇|Erms2| (V2m−3)	FDEP (nN)	standard deviation
1	15	12	11.00	8.96 × 1013	0.343	0.012	14.27	1.51 × 1014	0.577	0.038
2	19	12	14.60	1.57 × 1014	0.76	0.021	16.87	2.11 × 1014	1.022	0.050
3	19	12	10.60	8.32 × 1013	0.403	0.030	15.73	1.83 × 1014	0.886	0.093
4	19	12	11.73	1.02 × 1014	0.494	0.080	18.33	2.49 × 1014	1.206	0.040
5	19	16	12.13	1.09 × 1014	0.704	0.135	16.67	2.06 × 1014	1.330	0.252
6	19	16	11.10	9.12 × 1013	0.589	0.133	16.07	1.91 × 1014	1.233	0.232
7	19	16	12.33	1.13 × 1014	0.730	0.069	20.73	3.18 × 1014	2.053	0.368
8	19	16	11.20	9.29 × 1013	0.600	0.000	20.40	3.08 × 1014	1.989	0.156