Table 3.

Minimal semi-positive P-invariant computation on general (non-biochemical) benchmarks of the literature

model	BDD V2	BDD V4	GreatSPN	Nicotine	Metatool CR	Metatool EFM	efmtool
trains 10-10	4.81	om	0.03	3.26	na (20)	om	ot
classic 10-10	0.01	0.01	ot	0.15	na (91)	om	ot
philo 30	1.04	0.01	0.01	2.68	3.04	om	ot

Minimal semi-positive P-invariant computation on general (non-biochemical) benchmarks of the literature. Times are given in seconds. BDD V2 and V4 (implicit) and GreatSPN (explicit) performances as per [17]. Note that for the classic example, time was measured for Nicotine before symmetry expansion (semi-implicit) since there are 10¹⁰ explicit solutions.