Table 1. Basic demographic and clinical characteristics of MDD patients with or without melancholia.

	The whole sample(n = 1,178)		Nonmelancholic(n = 549)		Melancholic(n = 629)		Statistics a
							O.R.	95% CI	P
	N	%	N	%	N	%
Male	385	32.7	154	28.1	231	36.7	1.6	1.3, 2.1	<0.001
Married/cohabitating	824	69.9	379	69.0	445	70.7	1.1	0.8, 1.5	0.5
Employed	812	68.9	406	74.0	406	64.5	0.7	0.5, 0.9	0.004
Education
Primary and junior secondary school	356	30.2	150	27.3	206	32.8	1.0	–-	–-
Senior secondary school	312	26.5	137	25.0	175	27.8	1.0	0.7, 1.4	0.8
College and university	465	39.5	241	43.9	224	35.6	0.8	0.5, 1.1	0.1
Postgraduate	45	3.8	21	3.8	24	3.8	1.0	0.5, 1.9	0.9
Depressive episodes with increased appetite and sleep and weight gain	179	15.2	90	16.4	89	14.1	0.9	0.6, 1.2	0.4
Depressive episodes with suicidal ideation and/or attempts	665	56.5	304	55.4	361	57.4	1.3	1.004, 1.6	0.047
Depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms	158	13.4	67	12.2	91	14.5	1.3	0.9, 1.9	0.1
Seasonal depressive episodes	134	11.4	56	10.2	78	12.4	1.7	1.2, 2.6	0.008
Family history of psychiatric disorders	203	17.2	114	20.8	89	14.1	0.6	0.5, 0.9	0.004
Any use of antidepressants	820	69.9	412	75.0	408	64.9	0.6	0.5, 0.8	<0.001
Any use of antipsychotics	226	19.2	104	18.9	122	19.4	1.1	0.8, 1.5	0.4
Any use of mood stabilizers	44	3.7	28	5.1	16	2.5	0.6	0.3, 1.1	0.1
Any use of benzodiazepines	192	16.3	77	14.0	115	18.3	1.6	1.1, 2.2	0.01
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Age (years)	40.5	12.8	40.29	12.6	40.8	13.1	1.0	0.9, 1.01	0.6
Age at onset (years)	34.6	12.5	33.9	11.9	35.3	13.0	1.0	0.9, 1.03	0.2
Lifetime depressive episodes	1.9	2.6	2.2	2.9	1.6	2.2	0.9	0.87, 0.98	0.005

^amultiple logistic regression analyses with the nonmelancholic cohort as the reference group.