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The principle of the hydrodynamic trap. (A) A conical pipette is lowered towards the SLB until it is approximately one tip radius above the lipid bilayer. (B) Negative hydrostatic pressure, Δp, is applied at the top of the pipette resulting in a flow of liquid into the pipette. (C) The resulting liquid flow acts on the protruding molecules in the SLB with a drag force causing them to accumulate, and become trapped, locally below the pipette.
