Table 1.

Summary statistics for full panel sample, including Nairobi

	Round 1		Round 2
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
M-PESA user	0.432	0.496	0.698	0.459
Own cell phone	0.692	0.462	0.758	0.428
Per capita expenditure	73,137	131,229	64,025	87,078
Per capita food expenditure	31,825	31,123	30,092	25,612
Per capita nonfood subsistence expenditure	13,795	44,218	16,587	44,308
Propensity to spend on medical care	0.418	0.493	0.456	0.498
Per capita medical care expenditure	3,653	22,142	3,019	22,480
Propensity to spend on education	0.527	0.499	0.603	0.489
Per capita education expenditure	5,364	22,717	4,362	14,809
Illness shock	0.239	0.427	0.401	0.490
Propensity to receive remittances	0.387	0.487	0.419	0.494
Total remittances received (includes zeros)	9,041	86,817	4,840	13,832

All expenditure variables are measured in Kenyan shillings, and the exchange rate during the survey period was approximately KSh 75 = US $1.