Table 1. Characteristics of the study population.

	female	male	p	NGTa	IFGb	pc	IGTd	pc	IFG+IGTe	pc
	959	483		1046	142		140		114
age (years)	39.2±12.9	40.2±13.4	0.26	37.5±12.4	43.4±13.0	<0.0001	42.1±13.2	<0.0001	49.7±13.3	<0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)	28.7±8.1	28.1±7.3	0.66	27.2±6.8	32.7±10.8	<0.0001	29.7±7.3	<0.0001	33.8±9.6	<0.0001
family history of diabetes	48.5%	49.0%	0.77	45.8%	58.5%	0.006	60.4%	0.002	52.7%	0.19
systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	121±17	126±16	<0.0001	119±15	128±16	<0.0001	128±16	<0.0001	134.0±18.9	<0.0001
diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	75±11	77±11	0.07	74±10	78±11	0.002	79±12	<0.0001	81.6±10.5	<0.0001
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	5.1±0.5	5.2±0.6	0.001	4.9±0.4	5.9±0.3	<0.0001	5.1±0.3	<0.0001	6.1±0.3	<0.0001
2-hour glucose (mmol/l)	6.4±1.6	6.1±1.7	0.001	5.6±1.1	6.2±1.0	<0.0001	8.7±0.8	<0.0001	9.2±1.0	<0.0001
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)	64±54	58±47	0.005	54±43	83±72	<0.0001	71±52	<0.0001	102.4±64.0	<0.0001
2-hour insulin (pmol/l)	453±463	376±412	<0.0001	330±299	424±345	<0.0001	745±580	<0.0001	928±835	<0.0001
HOMA-ß (AU)	139±139	117±86	0.001	131±134	117±104	0.015	151±103	0.004	133±76	0.20
HOMA-IR (AU)	2.5±2.2	2.3±2.1	0.001	2.0±1.6	3.6±3.2	<0.0001	2.7±2.0	<0.0001	4.6±3.1	<0.0001
TG (mmol/l)	1.2±0.8	1.9±2.8	<0.0001	1.3±1.7	1.5±1.7	0.004	1.8±2.1	<0.0001	1.8±1.4	<0.0001
Cholesterin (mmol/l)	5.0±0.9	5.0±1.1	0.45	5.0±1.0	5.0±0.9	0.89	5.2±1.0	0.022	5.1±0.9	0.044
HDL (mmol/l)	1.5±0.4	1.2±0.3	<0.0001	1.4±0.4	1.3±0.3	0.001	1.4±0.3	0.008	1.3±0.3	0.001
LDL (mmol/l)	3.0±0.8	3.2±0.8	0.0003	3.0±0.8	3.1±0.8	0.24	3.2±0.8	0.006	3.2±0.8	0.020
lipid lowering therapy	4.3%	2.4%	0.0007	1.1%	4.9%	0.003	5.7%	0.001	7.0%	0.0002
antihypertensive therapy	9.5%	7.9%	0.12	4.8%	12.7%	0.0007	10.7%	0.009	27.2%	<0.0001

Data are means ± standard deviations.

^anormal glucose tolerance.

^bisolated impaired fasting glycemia.

^cas compared to normal glucose tolerance.

^disolated impaired glucose tolerance.

^econcomitant impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance.