Table 4.
Phenotypic, Genetic, and Environmental Correlations (95% Confidence Intervals) between MPQ-Fearless Dominance and Environmental Variables
| Environmental Variable | MPQ-Fearless Dominance | Percent of Covariance due to Genetic Effects | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| r | rA | rE | ||
| Academic Achievement & Engagement | ||||
| Boys | .07 (.01, .14) | .05 (−.08, .17) | .13 (.02, .24) | 39 |
| Girls | .18 (.12, .24) | .32 (.20, .45) | .02 (−.08, .12) | 96 |
| Prosocial Peers | ||||
| Boys | .08 (.01, .14) | .10 (−.06, .26) | .06 (−.04, .17) | 63 |
| Girls | .19 (.14, .25) | .41 (.23, .66) | .07 (−.03, .16) | 85 |
| Antisocial Peers | ||||
| Boys | .16 (.08, .22) | .38 (.23, .58)a | −.11 (−.23, .00) | 100 |
| Girls | −.05 (−.11, .01) | −.11 (−.39, .11) | −.04 (−.13, .06) | -- |
| Mother-Child Relationship Problems | ||||
| Boys | −.07 (−.14, .00) | −.14 (−.29, .01) | −.01 (−.12, .10) | -- |
| Girls | −.12 (−.18, −.08) | −.19 (−.34, −.05) | −.09 (−.19, .01) | 72 |
| Father-Child Relationship Problems | ||||
| Boys | −.01 (−.08, .05) | .00 (−.22, .22)a | −.05 (−.16, .07) | -- |
| Girls | −.14 (−.20, −.08) | −.37 (−.63, −.16) | −.08 (−.18, .01) | 81 |
| Dependent Life Events: School and Legal Problems | ||||
| Boys | .08 (.02, .15) | .18 (.04, .32) | −.03 (−.14, .08) | 100 |
| Girls | −.03 (−.09, .03) | −.01 (−.14, .12) | −.06 (−.16, .03) | -- |
Note. r = phenotypic correlation; rA = additive genetic correlation; rE = nonshared environmental correlation;
a
= significant gender difference at p < .05. If the phenotypic correlation was not significant, we did not estimate the percent of covariance due to genetic effects. Independent life events were not included in the biometric analyses, because twins are necessarily concordant on family-level events.