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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 2.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2009 Nov 3;19(20):R958–R962. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.010

Figure 3. LIP neurons mirror observed gaze.

Figure 3

(A) Gaze following in macaques. An image of a monkey face with averted gaze (cue) was displayed centrally for 100, 200, 400 or 800 ms. Next, the cue was extinguished simultaneously with the appearance of a peripheral target located in the direction the of gaze of the cue (congruent condition) or directly opposite (incongruent condition). Monkeys then immediately shifted gaze to the peripheral target to receive a fluid reward. For cue durations≤400 ms the congruent condition elicited reaction time savings compared to the incongruent condition, indicating a shift of attention. Error bars represent SEM across sessions. (B) Neural cue responses in LIP. Significant neuronal responses to observed gaze direction in 10 ms bins. Neurons with firing rates enhanced by cues with gaze directed at their response fields (red) are temporally clustered in the time windows for which gaze-following behavior is strongest. Those neurons with firing rates suppressed by cues with gaze directed toward their response fields maintain tonic decreases in activity throughout the fixation period. (Adapted with permission from [15].)