Table 1.
Characteristics of the patient cohorts
| ALL | ST | NL-L | NL-S | GL-C | GL-IIT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and outcomes | ||||||
| Number | 6,240 | 3,263 | 1,098 | 965 | 460 | 454 |
| Age | 68 (54 to 78) | 68 (53 to 80) | 69 (57 to 78) | 68 (56 to 78) | 65 (53 to 74) | 65 (51 to 74) |
| DM (%) | 20.4 | 20.5 | N/A | N/A | 22.6 | 17.2 |
| Diagnostic category (%) | ||||||
| Medical | 55.2 | 54.1 | 64.1 | 63.2 | 39.9 | 40.4 |
| Surgical/Trauma | 44.8 | 45.9 | 35.9 | 36.8 | 60.1 | 59.6 |
| Mechanical ventilation (%) | 45.8 | 35.4 | N/A | N/A | 84.2 | 82.0 |
| ICU LOS | 2.5 (1.1 to 5.7) | 1.5 (0.9 to 3.1) | 3.0 (1.8 to 6.9) | 3.0 (1.7 to 6.3) | 6.0 (3.0 to 13.0) | 6.0 (3.0 to 12.5) |
| APACHE II score | 16 (11 to 22) | 14 (10 to 21) | 19.7 (8.2) | 19.4 (8.3) | 15 (11 to 21) | 15 (11 to 21) |
| Mortality (%) | 19.2 | 14.2 | 27.5 | 26.0 | 17.8 | 22.9 |
| Glucose control parameters | ||||||
| Number of BG measurements per patient | 18 (9 to 47) | 15 (8 to 34) | 17 (7 to 38) | 29 (12 to 69) | 29 (12 to 74) | 37 (15 to 93) |
| Number of BG measurements per day* | 8.7 (5.7 to 10.5) | 9.3 (8.0 to 11.3) | 5.1 (3.6 to 7.6) | 9.8 (6.8 to 12.1) | 4.5 (3.2 to 6.7) | 5.6 (3.8 to 9.0) |
| Mean (mg/dL) | 124.4 (112.2 to 140.7) | 124.0 (112.0 to 138.0) | 127.7 (116.4 to 145.0) | 117.9 (107.0 to 137.0) | 146.3 (128.1 to 164.6) | 118.5 (109.3 to 130.3) |
| CV (%) | 23.8 (16.7 to 32.6) | 21.0 (14.8 to 28.5) | 26.9 (18.8 to 35.2) | 31.8 (23.8 to 40.8) | 20.7 (15.4 to 26.2) | 26.2 (20.3 to 33.1) |
| SD (mg/dL) | 29.5 (20.0 to 42.6) | 25.9 (17.7 to 37.5) | 33.8 (23.6 to 49.4) | 37.1 (27.3 to 50.3) | 29.3 (19.9 to 41.7) | 30.5 (22.7 to 42.1) |
| Percentage of patients with hypoglycemia | ||||||
| < 40 mg/dL | 6.7 | 2.9 | 8.8 | 18.1 | 2.4 | 9.5 |
| 40 to 54 mg/dL | 12.6 | 8.4 | 13.6 | 25.2 | 3.9 | 23.1 |
| 55 to 69 mg/dL | 17.7 | 14.9 | 19.3 | 21.6 | 11.5 | 31.3 |
| < 70 mg/dL | 37.0 | 26.2 | 41.7 | 64.9 | 17.8 | 63.9 |
APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II disease classification system; BG, blood glucose; CV, coefficient of variation; DM, diabetes mellitus; GL-C, patients in the control arm of the GLUCONTROL trial; GL-IIT, patients in the intervention arm of the GLUCONTROL trial; LOS, length of stay (days); NL-L, Netherlands "loose" cohort; NL-S, Netherlands "strict" cohort; SD, standard deviation; ST, Stamford cohort.
*Calculated as (mean number of BG tests/mean ICU LOS). Data expressed as median (interquartile range), or percentages